Kaypro Journal - User contributions [en]

Part Number Reference

2026-11-04T02:50:10Z

FrankRahman:

This listing is always being added to:

Note that some parts have 2 numbers one is odd and the other is even, especially circuit boards. You may need to reference one up or down and use yor common sense to use this lookup table.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Part Number !! Description !! class="unsortable"|Nearest link to a reference
|-
| 81-003 || Kaypro II or 2 Machine || [[Kaypro II or 2 (81-003)]]
|-
| 81-004 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-005 || Kaypro 10 Machine || [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)]]
|-
| 81-006 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-012 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-013 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-014 || Kaypro 2 '84 or 2X || [[Kaypro 2 '84 (81-014)]] or [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-015 || Kaypro 4 '84 or 4X || [[Kaypro 4 '84 (81-015)]] or [[Kaypro 4X]]
|-
| 81-021 || Kaypro 1 || [[Kaypro 1 (81-021)]]
|-
| 81-025 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-029 || Kaypro 16 2|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-030 || Kaypro 16|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-031 || Kaypro New 2 || [[Kaypro New 2]]
|-
| 81-033 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-036 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-037 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-039 || Kaypro 16 2E|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-040 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 1) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-041 || Kaypro 2000 Base Unit || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Base_Unit]]
|-
| 81-043 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 2) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-045-02 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-045-05 || Kaypro PC || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-050 || Kaypro 2000+ || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-068 || Kaypro 286 || [[Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-074 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-077 || Kaypro Micro 1 || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-110 || Kaypro II Motherboard (Preproduction) || [[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)]]
|-
| 81-110A || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110A|Mainboard 81-110A]]
|-
| 81-110B || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B|Mainboard 81-110B]]
|-
| 81-110B1 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B1|Mainboard 81-110B1]]
|-
| 81-110B2 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B2|Mainboard 81-110B2]]
|-
| 81-146 || Kaypro II/2/4 CHAR ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-149 || Kaypro II Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-180 || Kaypro 10 Mainboard || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-184 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-187 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-188 || Kaypro 10 Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-212 || Kaypro 10 HD adapter card ||
[[Kaypro_10_(81-005)#81-212A]]
|-
| 81-225-428 || Kaypro PC Disk 1 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-429 || Kaypro PC Disk 2 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-430 || Kaypro PC Disk 3 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-431 || Kaypro PC Disk 4 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-432 || Kaypro PC Disk 5 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-433 || Kaypro PC Disk 6 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-485 || Kaypro PC Disk 7 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-486 || Kaypro PC Disk 8 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-487 || Kaypro PC Disk 9 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-232 || Kaypro II/2/4 Monitor ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-235 || Kaypro 10 & Universal Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-240 || Kaypro II/2/4 Mainboard || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-278 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM ||
|-
| 81-292 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-302 || Kaypro K10 & Universal Monitor ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-467 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-516) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-470 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-478 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-486 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP Processor BIOS || [[Kaypro PC#BIOS_ROMS]]
|-
| 81-510 || Kaypro 16 Main Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-512 || Kaypro 16 Processor Card Kaypro EXP Processor Board || [[Kaypro 16]] [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-514 || Kaypro 16 Floppy-RAM-IO Card (Multi-card)|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-516 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-597 || Kaypro 16 Main Board (aka 81-510) || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-621 || Kaypro 286i Motherboard || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-622 || Kaypro 286i Serial and Parallel Port Card || [[Kaypro 286i#417311]]
|-
| 81-690A || Kaypro 286i Motherboard U118 || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-691 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-692) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-692 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-691) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-707-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-709 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (2 brick) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-710 || Kaypro 2000 Motherboard || [[Kaypro 2000#Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-737-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (AC and DC input) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-790 || Kaypro 2000 MultiAdapter || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Multi_Adapter]]
|-
| 81-812 || Kaypro 16 Extension to the Video Driver Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-814 || Kaypro 16 Multi-video Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-820 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-814) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-914 || Kaypro PC/EXP/XL/286 Bus Board || [[Kaypro_286#Upgrading_a_Kaypro_PC_to_a_Kaypro_286|Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-916 || Kaypro PC Multicard || [[Kaypro PC#81-916_Multicard]]
|-
| 81-1184 || Kaypro PC Processor Board || [[Kaypro PC#Cards]]
|-
| 81-1190-1 || Kaypro 2000+ Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-1208 || Kaypro EXP Memory Unit || [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-1224 || Kaypro RAM Card (Likely 286, 286i or 386) ||
|-
| 81-1342 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1524 || Kaypro 286i BIOS? || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-1588 || Kaypro Micro 1 Mainboard || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1590 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1598 || Kaypro 286 BIOS || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1710 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1711 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]

|}

Part Number Reference

2026-11-04T02:48:10Z

FrankRahman:

This listing is always being added to:

Note that some parts have 2 numbers one is odd and the other is even, especially circuit boards. You may need to reference one up or down and use yor common sense to use this lookup table.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Part Number !! Description !! class="unsortable"|Nearest link to a reference
|-
| 81-003 || Kaypro II or 2 Machine || [[Kaypro II or 2 (81-003)]]
|-
| 81-004 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-005 || Kaypro 10 Machine || [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)]]
|-
| 81-006 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-012 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-013 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-014 || Kaypro 2 '84 or 2X || [[Kaypro 2 '84 (81-014)]] or [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-015 || Kaypro 4 '84 or 4X || [[Kaypro 4 '84 (81-015)]] or [[Kaypro 4X]]
|-
| 81-021 || Kaypro 1 || [[Kaypro 1 (81-021)]]
|-
| 81-025 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-029 || Kaypro 16 2|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-030 || Kaypro 16|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-031 || Kaypro New 2 || [[Kaypro New 2]]
|-
| 81-033 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-036 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-037 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-039 || Kaypro 16 2E|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-040 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 1) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-041 || Kaypro 2000 Base Unit || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Base_Unit]]
|-
| 81-043 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 2) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-045-02 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-045-05 || Kaypro PC || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-050 || Kaypro 2000+ || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-068 || Kaypro 286 || [[Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-074 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-077 || Kaypro Micro 1 || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-110 || Kaypro II Motherboard (Preproduction) || [[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)]]
|-
| 81-110A || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110A|Mainboard 81-110A]]
|-
| 81-110B || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B|Mainboard 81-110B]]
|-
| 81-110B1 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B1|Mainboard 81-110B1]]
|-
| 81-110B2 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B2|Mainboard 81-110B2]]
|-
| 81-146 || Kaypro II/2/4 CHAR ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-149 || Kaypro II Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-180 || Kaypro 10 Mainboard || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-184 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-187 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-188 || Kaypro 10 Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-212 || Kaypro 10 HD adapter card ||
[[Kaypro_10_(81-005)#81-212A]]
|-
| 81-225-428 || Kaypro PC Disk 1 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-429 || Kaypro PC Disk 2 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-430 || Kaypro PC Disk 3 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-431 || Kaypro PC Disk 4 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-432 || Kaypro PC Disk 5 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-433 || Kaypro PC Disk 6 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-485 || Kaypro PC Disk 7 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-486 || Kaypro PC Disk 8 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-487 || Kaypro PC Disk 9 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-232 || Kaypro II/2/4 Monitor ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-235 || Kaypro 10 & Universal Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-240 || Kaypro II/2/4 Mainboard || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-278 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM ||
|-
| 81-292 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-302 || Kaypro K10 & Universal Monitor ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-467 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-516) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-470 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-478 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-486 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP Processor BIOS || [[Kaypro PC#BIOS_ROMS]]
|-
| 81-510 || Kaypro 16 Main Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-512 || Kaypro 16 Processor Card Kaypro EXP Processor Board || [[Kaypro 16]] [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-514 || Kaypro 16 Floppy-RAM-IO Card (Multi-card)|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-516 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-597 || Kaypro 16 Main Board (aka 81-510) || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-621 || Kaypro 286i Motherboard || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-622 || Kaypro 286i Serial and Parallel Port Card || [[Kaypro 286i#417311]]
|-
| 81-690A || Kaypro 286i Motherboard U118 || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-691 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-692) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-692 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-691) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-707-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-709 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (2 brick) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-710 || Kaypro 2000 Motherboard || [[Kaypro 2000#Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-737-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (AC and DC input) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-790 || Kaypro 2000 MultiAdapter || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Multi_Adapter]]
|-
| 81-812 || Kaypro 16 Extension to the Video Driver Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-814 || Kaypro 16 Multi-video Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-820 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-814) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-914 || Kaypro PC/EXP/XL/286 Bus Board || [[Kaypro_286#Upgrading_a_Kaypro_PC_to_a_Kaypro_286|Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-916 || Kaypro PC Multicard || [[Kaypro PC#81-916_Multicard]]
|-
| 81-1184 || Kaypro PC Processor Board || [[Kaypro PC#Cards]]
|-
| 81-1190-1 || Kaypro 2000+ Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-1208 || Kaypro EXP Memory Unit || [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-1224 || Kaypro RAM Card (Likely 286, 286i or 386) ||
|-
| 81-1342 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1524 || Kaypro 286i BIOS? || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-1588 || Kaypro Micro 1 Mainboard || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1598 || Kaypro 286 BIOS || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1590 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1710 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1711 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]

|}

Main Page

2026-11-03T17:35:13Z

FrankRahman: /* MicroCornucopia */

Welcome to Kaypro Journal 
 
This is the home for my notes and findings about Vintage Kaypro machines. My focus began with Z80 Kaypros but it has expanded to include "DOS" based Kaypros and Non-Linear Systems units as well. 
In my collection (as of March 2024) I have over 100 Kaypro/NLS Machines. 

==Company==
[[533 Stevens| Kaypro Campus]]

[[Kaycomp Trademark|Kaycomp Trademark Info]]

[[Kaypro Production Numbers]]

[[Machine Tags]]

[[Osbourne|The Competition "Osbourne"]]

[[Kaypro Stock]]

[[Hiring Stories]]

Production - [[Printed Circuit Board Production]]

[[Warehousing]]

[[Excess parts]]

[[Kaypro Support]]

[[Kaypro Leadership]]

[[Marketing]]

[[Tradeshows]]

[[Kaypro Decline]]

[[US Kaypro Districts]]

[[European office]]

[[Kaypro Factory Store]]

==Histories==
[[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]]

==Hardware==
[[Hardware]]

==Software==

[[Included Software]]

[[Kaypro Diskettes]]

[[Type-It]] (Kaypro's own software to aid int he transition from Typewriters to Word Processing)

[[Uniform]]

[[Media Master]]

[[Rembrandt]]

[[Infocom]]

[https://scs-draw.com/index.html SCS-Draw]

[[S-BASIC]]

==Instructional Material==

[[Kaypro Manuals]]

[[Kaypro Quick Start Audio]]

[[Wordstar video]]

==Dealers/Sales Vendors==

[[Dealer Advertising]]

[[Dealer Support]]

[[Vendor Signs]]

[[Sales Management]]

[[Vendor Info|Vendor Info including News]]

[[Kelly Data]]

==Organizational Info==

[[Price lists|Kaypro price lists]]

[[Stolen kaypros|Kaypros report Lost or Stolen to Kaypro Corp]]

[[Kaypro Serial Number Sales Dates| Date of Sale with Serial Numbers]]

[[Kaypro Missing Parts]]

[[Kay Family]]

==Programing==

[[Graphics Programming]]

A Pascal Clock Routine was presented on page 90 of Micro Cornucopia Apr-May 1986. Link [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2029%20Apr86.pdf here].

==Books==

[[Books]]

==Magazines and Newsletters==

===Profiles===
[[Profiles]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1983 !! 1984 !! 1985 !! 1986 !! 1987 !! 1988
|-
| [[Media:Profiles Jul 83.pdf|July/Aug]]
||
[[Media:Profiles Jan Feb 1984.pdf|Jan/Feb]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n6.pdf Feb] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n6.pdf Jan] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n7.pdf Feb CPM] 
[[Media:Profiles Feb 1987 PC.pdf| Feb DOS]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n6.pdf Jan]
|-
| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v1n2.pdf Sept/Oct] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v1n5.pdf Mar/Apr] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n7.pdf Mar] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n7.pdf Feb] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n8.pdf Mar CPM] DOS version also || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n7.pdf Feb]
|-
|
[[Media:Profiles Nov Dec 83.pdf|Nov/Dec]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v1n6.pdf May/June] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n8.pdf Apr] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n8.pdf Mar] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n9.pdf Apr] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n8.pdf Mar]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n1.pdf July/Aug] ||
[[Media:Profiles May 1985.pdf|May]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n9.pdf Apr] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n10.pdf May] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n9.pdf Apr]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n2.pdf Sep] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n10.pdf June] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n10.pdf May] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n11.pdf June] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n10.pdf May]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n3.pdf Oct] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n1.pdf July/Aug] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n11.pdf June] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n12.pdf July] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n11.pdf June]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n4.pdf Nov] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n2.pdf Sep] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n1.pdf July] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n1.pdf Aug] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n12.pdf July]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n5.pdf Dec/Jan '85] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n3.pdf Oct] ||
[[Media:Profiles Aug 1986.pdf|Aug]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n2.pdf Sep] ||
[[Media:Profiles aug 1988.pdf|Aug]]
|-
| || || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n4.pdf Nov] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n3.pdf Sep] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n3.pdf Oct] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v6n2.pdf Sep]
|-
| || || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n5.pdf Dec] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n4.pdf Oct] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n4.pdf Nov] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v6n3.pdf Oct/Nov]
|-
| || || || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n5.pdf Nov] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n5.pdf Dec] ||
|-
| || || || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n6.pdf Dec/Jan '87] || ||
|}

====Special Note====
<blockquote>
Recently, we started publishing two different versions of the magazine, with material specifically for CP/M users in one version and material for DOS users in the other, though most material was identical in both. ...

In an effort to be responsive to the needs of as many readers as pobbible, we've made the decision to return to a single version of the magazine covering both operating systems. 
(Profiles, April 1987)
</blockquote>

===MicroCornucopia===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! 1981 !! 1982 !! 1983 !! 1984 !! 1985 !! 1986 !! 1987 !! 1988 !! 1989 !! 1990
|-
| Jan || || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_39_Jan88.pdf Jan 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_45_Jan89.pdf Jan 89] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_51_Jan90.pdf Jan 90]
|-
| Feb || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_04_Feb82.pdf Feb 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_10_Feb83.pdf Feb 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_16_Feb84.pdf Feb 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_22_Feb85.pdf Feb 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_28_Feb86.pdf Feb 86] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_34_Feb87.pdf Feb 87] || || ||
|-
| Mar || || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_40_Mar88.pdf Mar 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_46_Mar89.pdf Mar 89] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_52_Mar90.pdf Mar 90]
|-
| Apr || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_05_Apr82.pdf Apr 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_11_Apr83.pdf Apr 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_17_Apr84.pdf Apr 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_23_Apr85.pdf Apr 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_29_Apr86.pdf Apr 86] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_35_Apr87.pdf Apr 87] || || ||
|-
| May || || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_41_May88.pdf May 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_47_May89.pdf May 89] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_53_May90.pdf May 90]
|-
| Jun || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_06_Jun82.pdf Jun 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_12_Jun83.pdf Jun 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_18_Jun84.pdf Jun 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_24_Jun85.pdf Jun 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_30_Jun86.pdf Jun 86] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_36_Jun87.pdf Jun 87] || || ||
|-
| Jul || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_01_Jul81.pdf Jul 81] || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_42_Jul88.pdf Jul 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_48_Jul89.pdf Jul 89]
|-
| Aug || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_07_Aug82.pdf Aug 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_13_Aug83.pdf Aug 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_19_Aug84.pdf Aug 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_25_Aug85.pdf Aug 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_31_Aug86.pdf Aug 86] || || || ||
|-
| Sep || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_02_Sep81.pdf Sep 81] || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_37_Sep87.pdf Sep 87] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_43_Sep88.pdf Sep 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_49_Sep89.pdf Sep 89] ||
|-
| Oct || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_08_Oct82.pdf Oct 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_14_Oct83.pdf Oct 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_20_Oct84.pdf Oct 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_26_Oct85.pdf Oct 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_32_Oct86.pdf Oct 86] || || || ||
|-
| Nov || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_38_Nov87.pdf Nov 87] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_44_Nov88.pdf Nov 88] Last Kaypro Column || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_50_Nov89.pdf Nov 89] ||
|-
| Dec || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_03_Dec81.pdf Dec 81] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_09_Dec82.pdf Dec 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_15_Dec83.pdf Dec 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_21_Dec84.pdf Dec 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_27_Dec85.pdf Dec 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_33_Dec87.pdf Dec 86] || || || ||
|}

I was in Bend, Oregon in 2026 and stopped by the place listed as the business address of MicroCornucopia in it's business listing with the state. 
[[File:MicroC business location.jpg]] 
155 NW Hawthorne, Bend, Oregon 97701

[[File:Micro C building 1989.png]] 
A photo of the building in 1989 printed in Micro Cornucopia.

<blockquote>
Micro Cornucopia, Inc. is a Domestic Business Corporation organized under the laws of the State of Oregon. The business was filed on November 2, 1984 and is currently listed as Ina: Inactive with the Oregon Office of the Secretary of State. The official file number for this entity is 204655-14.

The principal office address is located at 155 Nw Hawthorne Bend, OR 97701.

The Registered Agent on file is C.E. Francis, located at 1199 Nw Wall St Bend, OR 97701.

The company's leadership includes David J Thompson, who serves as President and is associated with an address at 1259 Nw Iowa Bend, OR 97701 and Sandra S Thompson, who serves as Secretary and is associated with an address at 1259 Nw Iowa Bend, OR 97701. 
([https://www.bizapedia.com/or/micro-cornucopia-inc.html Bizapedia listing] 2026) 
Note that the home address for David and Sandra has sold at least once since then so it is no longer valid.
</blockquote>

Disks: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27

===Kugram and ONKUG===
Kugram was the Kaypro User's Group Newsletter. It was issued every other month. There are 5 volumes with 6 releases in each (about a year per volume) except for Volume 5 which has 1 regular release. The second release is just a cover over the newly merged with Scroll newsletter (the newsletter of the W/Pug, Word Processing user group). The third is the "Special KUG Bulletin #1". The fourth and last one I can find is the "Special KUG Bulletin #2".

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1982 !! 1983 !! 1984 !! 1985 !! 1986 !! 1987
|-
| ||
[[Media:Kugram Feb 1983.pdf|Feb]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N1 Jan/Feb] ||
[[Media:Kugram Jan Feb 1985.pdf|Jan/Feb]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N1 Jan/Feb] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV5N1 Jan/Feb]
|-
| ||
[[Media:Kugram Apr May 1983.pdf|Apr/May]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N2 Mar/Apr] ||
[[Media:Kugram Mar Apr 1985.pdf|
Mar/Apr]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N2 Mar/Apr] ||
[[Media:Scroll trans.pdf|KUG to Scroll]]
|-
| ||
[[Media:Kugram Jun Jul 1983.pdf|Jun/Jul]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N3 May/Jun] ||
[[Media:Kugram May Jun 1985.pdf|May/Jun]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N3 May/Jun] ||
[[Media:KUG Special 1.pdf|KUG Special 1]]
|-
| ||
[[Media:Kugram aug sep 1983.pdf|Aug/Sep]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N4 Jul/Aug] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV3N4 Jul/Aug] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N4 Jul/Aug] ||
[[Media:KUG Special 2.pdf|KUG Special 2]]
|-
| || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV1N6 Oct/Nov/Dec] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N5 Sep/Oct]||
[[Media:Kugram Sep Oct 1985.pdf|Sep/Oct]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N5 Sep/Oct] ||
|-
|
[[Media:Kugram Dec 1982.pdf|Dec]]
|| || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N6 Nov/Dec] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV3N6 Nov/Dec] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N6 Nov/Dec] ||
|}

"KUG's receive periodic mailings and ONKUG, The Official Newsdiskette of Kaypro Users Groups. ONKUG, compiled by KUG Manager Jim Durkin, is full of handy public domain software and interesting text files-a great way to get programs without the expense and hassle of downloading." 
(Profiles, September 1986)
{|
|-
| [[File:Onkug diskette.jpg]]
|}

==Other Sites==

[https://retrocmp.de/kaypro/index.htm RetroCMP by Thomas Brase]

[https://archive.org/details/VCF1-StephenStoneTheLifeAndTimesOfKayproComputers/VCF1+%E2%80%94+Stephen+Stone+-+The+Life+and+Times+of+Kaypro+Computers.wav *]

Kaypro 286i

2026-11-03T16:35:39Z

FrankRahman: /* News */

Model Number 81-036, 81-037 or 81-074

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 286i.jpg|400px]]
|}
The KAYPRO 286 - the first IBM PC/AT compatible
computer — delivers exceptional speed, remarkable memory, and a list of standard features even IBM can't match. The ideal choice for growing businesses that have outgrown the PC standard. Look to Kaypro for quality and innovation second to none. 
Standard Specifications KAYPRO 286i Model C:
{|
| Processor: || 80286 microprocessor Keyboard-selectable 8/10/16 MHz clock Socket for 80287 math cco-processor
|-
| Video/Display: || Multivideo graphics adapter, EGA, CGA, MDA, and Hercules compatible on most monitors; 12-inch monochrome monitor
|-
| Memory: || 1 MB expandable to 8MB on CPU board
|-
| Disk Storage: || One 1.2 MB disk drive One 40 MB hard drive, 35ms average access time
|-
| Ports: || AT-compatible serial and parallel
|-
| Expansion: || Eight slots, six available for user options
|-
| Keyboard: || Enhanced 101-style keyboard
|-
| 
|-
| BIOS: || Award
|}

==Development==
<blockquote>
Then they did the Kaypro 286i. Based on the Intel 80286 processor it was a gun-metal gray large desktop computer and a clone of the IBM PC AT – the first one in the United States. When I first got to Profiles, I got a Kaypro 286i because I needed it for evaluations. And people were angry with me. There were far more senior people who didn't have a Kaypro 286i sitting on their desk. I had a coprocessor, I had a Hercules graphics card. The head of sales would come by and just give me a dirty look.

I also had it because I had to speak to Jerry Pournelle, to whom Kaypro had given a 286i. He was a renowned science fiction writer who with Larry Niven. He co-wrote ''Lucifer's Hammer''. He was also a columnist for Byte Magazine which is why he was on my radar and why we gave him a 286i.

As to how we offered the first PC AT-compatible, what I understood was that Andy had written a giant check to some manufacturer in Taiwan -- I mean a GIANT check -- so that we would have an exclusive license to it for a year. They [the Taiwanese company] had duplicated the IBM PC-AT.

The 286i sold more and better than the Kaypro 16. The Kaypro 16 was an 8088, but no sales were going to stop the downward spiral. The 286i’s successor, the Kaypro 386, came in the last year that I was there. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Technology was moving very swiftly now. As soon as we got our XT system out the door, IBM upped the ante by releasing the 286AT. This time, however, we planned a little better, and we had an AT on the market six months after IBM released theirs. That was in late spring of 1986, I think. We were the first one to do so, and that helped us. But we had to go to the banks to help finance the engineering and the initial manufacturing. 
(Computer Shopper, August 1989)
</blockquote>

==Marketing info==
{|
|-
| [[File:286I infoworld March 4 85.png]]
Info World March 4, 1985
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 286i in tent.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:286I creative computing July 85.png]] 
Creative Computing July 1985
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 286i with 286I screenprint.jpg]]
|-
|
[[File:Western horse mag 286i.jpg]]
|}

Note: While the marketing shows a black case the versions of the machine we see in the market are white/beige.

==AD==

[[File:Kaypro 286i ad.jpg|400px]]

==News==
<blockquote>
The Kaypro Corporation plans to introduce a new computer today that is compatible with the PC-AT computer being sold by the International Business Machines Corporation.

The computer is likely to be the first of several AT-compatible machines coming out this year. It could provide a boost for Kaypro, which has seen sales of its main product, a low- priced portable computer, dwindle. ...

The new AT-compatible machine, which will not be portable, will sell for $4,550. It has 512,000 characters of internal memory and two floppy disk drives capable of storing 1.2 million characters of information each.

An I.B.M. machine with the same features lists for $5,785, according to David Kay, Kaypro's vice president of marketing and new product development. The new machine will be called the Kaypro 286i, after the Intel Corporation's 80286 microprocessor, which is used in the Kaypro product.

But the new marketing strategy has risks. It is not quite clear that the AT, which was introduced by I.B.M. last August and can be used by several people at the same time, will be as successful as I.B.M.'s less powerful but less expensive original PC. That could mean the market for compatible machines will be smaller.

Moreover, selling I.B.M. clones and competing on price is dangerous, because I.B.M. has huge economies of scale. Some manufacturers of I.B.M.-compatible personal computers have already gone out of business. 
(New York Times, February 25, 1985)
</blockquote>

"Kaypro's new 286i model, named to suggest the jazziness of a BMW sports car at a "Volkswagen price," is based on the same 80286 microprocessor that drives the AT. Kaypro hopes to offer the 286i for $4,550, or $1,000 less than the stripped down AT, including two drives to the basic AT's one and 512K of random access memory to the basic AT's 256K." 
(New York Times, March 12, 1985)

"Kaypro Corp., Solana Beach, Calif., said it had introduced a special, slimmed-down version of its 286i I.B.M. AT-compatible desktop computer, retailing for $2,995." 
(New York Times, May 9, 1985)

"Kaypro has already shipped about 500 units [286i] (as of early April) with major shipments scheduled for June 1." 
(Micro Cornucopia, June-July 1985)

<blockquote>
When IBM introduced the PC back in August of 1981, the company whipped the personal computer industry into a frenzy. Demand, and hence sales, spread like fall-out after a nuclear explosion as the market went 8088 and MS-DOS mad. PC clones, followed closely by third-party peripherals, burst on the market with equal fury. Even though 90% of IBM's revenue still came from mainframe and minicomputer sales, the PC held the spotlight.

Three years later, after the ho-hum XT and ill-fated PCjr, IBM introduced the powerful AT (a full review appears in the December 1984 issue). As the first sales figures trickle in, it appears that demand for the AT is soaring. Hard disk failures aside, the AT looks like another big winner for IBM.

Which brings us to the current case of market deja vu. Industry observers expect a dozen AT clones to appear before 1985 closes. So far, four companies have announced them: Kaypro, Texas Instruments, Compaq, and Tiger. Ironically, Kaypro, one of the last to introduce a PC compatible, is the first to deliver an AT compatible--the 286i.

'''i, i, Sir'''

The "i' stands for impressive. The dark gray exterior, not to mention the large footprint of the system unit, make it look imposing. Indeed, it consumes desk space, but the speed and power of the machine more than compensate for the size.

Like the AT, the 286i consists of three components: a display, a detachable keyboard, and a system unit housing the cpu, disk drives, and electronic wonders of the system.

The heart of the 286i is the 80286 microprocessor operating at 6MHz. This speed demon is supposed to run three times faster than an IBM PC. A comparison of the results of Ahl's Simple Benchmark (see July 1984 for a full explanation) in Figure 1 confirms this. It even runs a bit faster than the IBM PC AT. And for those with real number crunching needs, the computer supports an 80287 numeric co-processor.

The 286i comes with 512K RAM on the motherboard, expandable to 640K (the limit recognized by MS-DOS). The chip itself can address 15Mb, but the RAM actually installed in the machine depends on your use of expansion boards. Although equipped with eight internal expansion slots, the machine uses one for the disk drive controller, one for the video and parallel port, and one more for a serial port and second parallel port. In general, any expansion board that works in the IBM PC AT should also work with the Kaypro 286i.

Two 1.2Mb, 5.25 floppy disk drives are standard, compared to the single drive offered by IBM. These 96 tracks per inch (tpi), high-density drives can read regular 48tpi, 360K disks, so your old IBM PC software can be used on the 286i. Kaypro leaves space in the system unit and provides ribbon cables on the drive controller board for installation of an internal Winchester hard disk drive. Several third-party manufacturers offer such drives, which range in size from 20Mb on up.

Like the AT, Kaypro eliminates DIP switches on the motherboard in favor of a software program. Kaypro also includes a security lock and key to keep unauthorized people from using the system.

All the good things we said about the detachable, slant-adjustable keyboard on the AT come back to please us on the Kaypro. This includes improved layout; enlarged Shift and Enter keys; some use of English labels; Enter key on the numeric keypad; LEDs for the Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock keys; and a generous length of coiled cord to connect the keyboard to the system unit.

The tactile and aural feedback are more subdued than either the PC or AT keyboard. The touch is softer, and the key clicks are fainter.

The 286i does not come with a monitor, although Kaypro does sell a 13 inch RGB color monitor in the same dark gray color scheme. This made-in-Japan monitor performs admirably and certainly passed our monitor torture test (see February 1985 issue for details of the test).

Character resolution is 25 rows of 80 characters, and graphics resolution is standard IBM 640 X 200 pixels using high resolution graphics (black and white) and 320 X 200 pixels using medium resolution graphics (four colors). The dot pitch is 0.4 mm.

'''Software Included'''

Kaypro bundles an incredible amount of software with the 286i--all of it from MicroPro International. This full-scale package consists of the WordStar word processor, InfoStar database management system and report generator, MailMerge, and CalcStar spreadsheet--all under the StarBurst program umbrella. Also included is a version of GW-Basic that emulates BasicA.

Thus, everything you need to set up a productive computer system comes right out of the box with one exception: MS-DOS. At this time, Microsoft has not yet released MS-DOS 3.0. You must buy PC-DOS 3.0 (which works quite well on the 286i) from IBM.

Of course, the real test of the Kaypro is whether it will run off-the-shelf IBM software. Heading the list is Lotus 1-2-3, which also happens to be the de facto standard of IBM PC compatibility. The 286i ran version 1A at lightning speed with absolutely no problems. The other paragon of PC compatibility, Microsoft Flight Simulator, did not fare so well. Our copy, version 1.05, booted correctly. However, while you could select the preliminary system parameters and hear the engine, the plane did not fly. Kaypro points out that Flight Simulator does not run on the IBM PC AT either--a fact duly reported in our review of the AT.

Other business, education, and entertainment programs ran without error; our tests indicate that the 286i runs much of the PC software. Be forewarned that many programs are speeded up, however. In most cases, this is an advantage, but sometimes the speed disrupts program timing.

Thus, we must repeat our standard caveat: try the software before you buy the hardware. If the bundled software is all you need, then have no fear. But if you intend to use your own software, take a copy to your dealer and test it. This simple step may save a great deal of post-purchase frustration.

'''Pricing'''

Kaypro, long a low-cost leader with portables, is now aiming at the price-conscious professional.

The base model with 512K RAM, two 1.2Mb floppy drives, one serial and two parallel ports, and graphics board costs $4500. The RGB monitor retails for $595.

'''Indeed, Attractive'''

Give Kaypro credit for providing an excellent IBM PC AT compatible. It offers speed, PC software compatibility, a good keyboard layout, and bundled software at a truly competitive price.

Table: Figure 1. Benchmark Test Results. [See image above with results.] 
(Creative Computing, July 1985)
</blockquote>

"Kaypro now has four variations of the high-performance 286i, an IBM PC AT work-alike. The "A" model comes with 512K of RAM and a single 1.2-megabyte drive. The "B" version adds a second high-density drive and the software bundle. The 286i-C has 640K of RAM, a 20-megabyte hard disk and one high-density floppy drive but no software. The top-of-the-line 286i-D has 640K of RAM , one highdensity drive, a streaming tape drive for hard disk backup and the software bundle." 
(Profiles, January 1986)

"The Kaypro 286i Model C uses its enhanced speed to process 30 MB of data from its new hard drive, a 50% increase in storage capacity over the original 20 MB Model C. Model A now retails for $2495, while the Model C has been reduced to $3995!" 
(Kugram Jul-Aug 1986)

<blockquote>
Kaypro-engineeered enhancements include upgrades in both processing speed and random access memory. Both models A and C will now come standard with a 10 MHz clock, allowing the user to sort a database, copy files and sickettes or correct document errors in less time than ever. Both models will also come with 640 KB of RAM, standard.

The price of the KAYPRO 286i Model A has been reduced to $1995, while the new price of the KAYPRO 286i Model C will be reduced to $2995, a $1000 reduction over the previous model.

The KAYPRO 286i Model A features a single disk drive unit of storage capacity 1.2 million bytes per floppy disk. Standard with the KAYPRO 286i Model C is the same large-capacity floppy disk drive plus a hard drive with 30 million bytes of storage. 
("Kaypro Enhances AT-compatible, Reduces Price" Press Release, February 1, 1987)
</blockquote>

===EXTRA! EXTRA!===

<blockquote>
Kaypro unveiled its EXTRA! EXTRA! desktop publishing system at the Kaypro Cup Tradeshow in San Diego on February 16. EXTRA! EXTRA! has all the tools needed to prepare newsletters, press releases, brochures and professional presentations.

EXTRA! EXTRA!, the market's first complete turnkey desktop publishing system, contains all necessary components from one manufacturer - computer, printer, software programs - into a single, integrated system. Because it is menu driven, EXTRA! EXTRA! is easy to use.

For the low price of $8495, EXTRA! EXTRA! includes the KAYPRO 286i Model C with 640KB RAM and 40 MB hard drive, EGA graphics adapter, high resolution monochrome monitor, the 300 DPI KAYPRO PAGE PRINTER II, HP "B" fonts, an assortment of downloadable fonts, and all interface cabling. EXTRA! EXTRA! which Kaypro expects to ship by April 1, also include a mouse with paint software, Ventura Desktop Publishing Software, WordStar 4.0, form generation software, MS-DOS 3.2, GW BASIC, MailMerge and CorrectStar. A digital image scanner/OCR reader will also be available from Kaypro.

Desktop publishing gives users the creativity and control to generate documents, circumventing conventional typesetting and graphics services. EXTRA! EXTRA! can combine text directly from several word processors and graphics from LOTUS 1,2,3 AUTO CAD, GEM, scanned photographs, all ASCII files, and self-generated art into high quality documents for master reproduction. EXTRA! EXTRA! requires no prior computer or publishing experience and can save companies thousands of dollars in the first months of ownership.

EXTRA! EXTRA! provides customers with the extensive system compatibility and reliability found in all Kaypro products. Each system is backed by factory hardware and software support, exceptional warranties and extended service plans, as well as quality dealer support and training.

Kaypro will provide an extensive desktop publishing training program for dealers and end users, similar to training sessions offered for the KAYPRO PC NETWORK. 
("Kaypro Introduces Complete Desktop Publishing System" Press Release, February 16, 1987?)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro EXTRA! EXTRA! desktop publishing system is now available in eight different configurations (see chart below for details). The basic system, available for $7,498, includes the Kaypro 286i Model C with 640K of RAM and 40 megabyte hard drive, EGA video card, high-resolution monochrome monitor, the 300 dpi Kaypro Page Printer II with Hewlett-Packard "B" fonts, an assortment of downloadable fonts, a mouse, and all interface cabling. ...

Two upgrades are also available through Kaypro. The first, which retails for $1,549, includes software (Ventura Publisher, version 1.1, GEM Desktop, GEM Paint, and GEM Draw+), and a mouse. The second upgrade, available for $4,544, includes the software, a mouse, and a laser printer.

[[File:Profiles Sept 87 prices 286i pc-30.png|400px]]
 
(Profiles, September 1987)
</blockquote>

== Example 286i Machines ==
{|
|-
|
[[File:286i Case 1.jpg]]
||
[[File:286i Badge.jpg]]
|-
|
[[File:286i Case 2.jpg]]
||
[[File:286i Badge 12 MHz.jpg]] 
Assuming this is the second version since the original was to have a 6MHz processor.
|}

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro-286i-12mhz-double bays front.jpg]]
||
[[File:Kaypro-286i-12mhz-double bays side.jpg]]
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro-286i-12mhz-double bays.jpg]]
|| Machine posted on Reddit
|-
|
[[File:81-036 286i.jpg]]
||

|}

===Kaypro 286i C #417311===
This machine was purchased with a box. The box's serial number was #417301 so it is not the box this machine came in but was likely in the same shipment. It had been used by a professor in the Kansas City area. Numerous cards and monitor appear to be upgrades after the fact.
{|
|-
|
[[File:417311 front.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:417311 back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:417311 Label.jpg]]
||
[[File:417301 Tag.jpg]] The tag on the box is for another machine 10 serial numbers off.
|-
|
[[File:417311 MB.jpg|400px]] Motherboard
||
[[File:417311 HD FD Control.jpg]] Harddrive and Floppy Drive Controller (Hard Drive is replaced so this could be a replacement.)
|-
|
[[File:417311 81-623 front.jpg|400px]] Serial and Parallel Port Card 81-622
||
[[File:417311 81-623 back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
<blockquote>
J1 may contain a small plastic block, with four hourglass-shaped metal tabs inside it. Note that the two rightmost tabs have gaps in their centers, while the left-most two do not. To change the serial port designation, lift the plastic block out of its socket and rotate it 180 degrees, so that the leftmost tabs now have gaps in their centers. Replace the block in the socket. The serial port is now COM2.

If there are DIP switches at J1, then set switches 1 and 2 OFF, and switches 3 and 4 ON. If the switch block says OPEN and CLOSED, rather than ON and OFF, just remember that CLOSED = ON and OPEN = OFF.

The block at J2 controls the printer port designation, LPT1 or LPT2. The instructions for changing it are exactly the same as for J1. (Profiles, July 1987)</blockquote>
|-
|
[[File:417311 1.2 FD Mitsubishi MF504B.jpg]] A: Drive Possibly the original drive.
||
[[File:417311 360 FD ND-04DT-A.jpg]] B: Drive Machine likely did not come with any B: drive.
|-
|
[[File:417311 Mouse Card.jpg]] Possibly original mouse card?
||
[[File:417311 Vid Card.jpg]] Unlikely to be the original video card.
|-
|
[[File:417311 mouse top.jpg|400px]] 
Possible original?
||
[[File:417311 mouse bottom.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:417311 bios screen.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:417301 box.jpg|400px]]

|}
====ROMS====
I suspect that the original ROMs are Phoenix. The ROM is from my loose motherboard. The header on the file says it is a Phoenix. It does not work on my 286i but that may be due to the upgraded video card (VGA) not being supported under the original BIOS? 
[[Media:286i Phoenix ROM Loose Board.bin|286i ROM 18-1524]] 
I believe it should be 81-1524 and someone flipped the first two digits.

On my complete 286i there is the "286 Modular BIOS Version 3.03HL Copyright Award Software Inc." 
The files are below and refer to the picture of the motherboard in the #417311 for placement. 
[[Media:286i H ROM -41731.bin|286i H ROM from 417311]] 
[[Media:286i L ROM -41731.bin|286i L ROM from 417311]]

==286i Motherboard==

{|
|-
|
[[File:286i motherboard.jpg|400px]]
|}

I have a spare motherboard (MBN6575) and a working machine #417311 (MBN14302). Both are Assy. No. 81-621.

Both MBN6575 and MBN14302 have pin1 lifted and bodged to pin 7 on U53.

On MBN6575 U47 is labeled 18-1524 (Likely flipped digit from 81-1524).

On MBN14302 U47 is marked "H" and U27 is "L" both have Mitsubishi foil over the windows.

In a descriptive article in Profiles March 1988 they describe that you should see 81-692 and 81-691 in slots U27 and U47. (Order not specified.)

On both boards the U118 are 81-690A.

MBN6575 is missing U63 and the 286 processor.

MBN14302 has the 287 math co-processor installed.

U119 pin 19 and U92 pin 6 have a bodge wire on MBN6575 and MBN14302.

MBN14302 has a bodge wire from the via under U58 to Pins 1&2 on U134. Bodge wire on Pin 3 on U134 runs to B20 (CLK) on J4 with a 22 Ohm resistor. (Continuity test on MBN6575 do not show a connection.) (J4 was not being used when I received the machine.)

==Manual==

{|
|-
| [[Media:Kaypro 286i manual.pdf|Kaypro 286i Manual]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 286i Manual Cover.jpg|200px]]
|}

Part Number Reference

2026-11-03T02:11:27Z

FrankRahman:

This listing is always being added to:

Note that some parts have 2 numbers one is odd and the other is even, especially circuit boards. You may need to reference one up or down and use yor common sense to use this lookup table.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Part Number !! Description !! class="unsortable"|Nearest link to a reference
|-
| 81-110 || Kaypro II Motherboard (Preproduction) || [[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)]]
|-
| 81-110A || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110A|Mainboard 81-110A]]
|-
| 81-110B || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B|Mainboard 81-110B]]
|-
| 81-110B1 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B1|Mainboard 81-110B1]]
|-
| 81-110B2 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B2|Mainboard 81-110B2]]
|-
| 81-003 || Kaypro II or 2 Machine || [[Kaypro II or 2 (81-003)]]
|-
| 81-004 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-006 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-005 || Kaypro 10 Machine || [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)]]
|-
| 81-180 || Kaypro 10 Mainboard || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-014 || Kaypro 2 '84 or 2X || [[Kaypro 2 '84 (81-014)]] or [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-015 || Kaypro 4 '84 or 4X || [[Kaypro 4 '84 (81-015)]] or [[Kaypro 4X]]
|-
| 81-025 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-033 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-031 || Kaypro New 2 || [[Kaypro New 2]]
|-
| 81-012 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-013 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-021 || Kaypro 1 || [[Kaypro 1 (81-021)]]
|-
| 81-045-02 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-045-05 || Kaypro PC || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-486 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP Processor BIOS || [[Kaypro PC#BIOS_ROMS]]
|-
| 81-916 || Kaypro PC Multicard || [[Kaypro PC#81-916_Multicard]]
|-
| 81-1184 || Kaypro PC Processor Board || [[Kaypro PC#Cards]]
|-
| 81-512 || Kaypro 16 Processor Card Kaypro EXP Processor Board || [[Kaypro 16]] [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-225-428 || Kaypro PC Disk 1 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-429 || Kaypro PC Disk 2 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-430 || Kaypro PC Disk 3 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-431 || Kaypro PC Disk 4 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-432 || Kaypro PC Disk 5 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-433 || Kaypro PC Disk 6 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-485 || Kaypro PC Disk 7 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-486 || Kaypro PC Disk 8 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-487 || Kaypro PC Disk 9 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-1208 || Kaypro EXP Memory Unit || [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-029 || Kaypro 16 2|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-039 || Kaypro 16 2E|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-030 || Kaypro 16|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-040 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 1) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-043 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 2) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-710 || Kaypro 2000 Motherboard || [[Kaypro 2000#Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-041 || Kaypro 2000 Base Unit || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Base_Unit]]
|-
| 81-790 || Kaypro 2000 MultiAdapter || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Multi_Adapter]]
|-
| 81-707-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-709 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (2 brick) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-737-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (AC and DC input) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-050 || Kaypro 2000+ || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-1190-1 || Kaypro 2000+ Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-036 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-037 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-074 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-622 || Kaypro 286i Serial and Parallel Port Card || [[Kaypro 286i#417311]]
|-
| 81-621 || Kaypro 286i Motherboard || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-690A || Kaypro 286i Motherboard U118 || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-1524 || Kaypro 286i BIOS? || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-068 || Kaypro 286 || [[Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-1342 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1590 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-077 || Kaypro Micro 1 || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1710 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1711 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1588 || Kaypro Micro 1 Mainboard || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-240 || Kaypro II/2/4 Mainboard || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-232 || Kaypro II/2/4 Monitor ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-146 || Kaypro II/2/4 CHAR ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-184 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-470 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-149 || Kaypro II Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-292 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-478 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-235 || Kaypro 10 & Universal Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-278 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM ||
|-
| 81-188 || Kaypro 10 Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-187 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-302 || Kaypro K10 & Universal Monitor ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-691 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-692) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-692 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-691) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-467 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-516) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-516 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-514 || Kaypro 16 Floppy-RAM-IO Card (Multi-card)|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-510 || Kaypro 16 Main Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-814 || Kaypro 16 Multi-video Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-597 || Kaypro 16 Main Board (aka 81-510) || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-812 || Kaypro 16 Extension to the Video Driver Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-1598 || Kaypro 286 BIOS || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-820 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-814) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-914 || Kaypro PC/EXP/XL/286 Bus Board || [[Kaypro_286#Upgrading_a_Kaypro_PC_to_a_Kaypro_286|Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-212 || Kaypro 10 HD adapter card ||
[[Kaypro_10_(81-005)#81-212A]]
|-
| 81-1224 || Kaypro RAM Card (Likely 286, 286i or 386) ||

|}

Part Number Reference

2026-11-03T02:10:22Z

FrankRahman:

This listing is always being added to:

Note that some parts have 2 numbers one is odd and the other is even, especially circuit boards. You may need to reference one up or down and use yor common sense to use this lookup table.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Part Number !! Description !! class="unsortable"|Nearest link to a reference
|-
| 81-110 || Kaypro II Motherboard (Preproduction) || [[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)]]
|-
| 81-110A || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110A|Mainboard 81-110A]]
|-
| 81-110B || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B|Mainboard 81-110B]]
|-
| 81-110B1 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B1|Mainboard 81-110B1]]
|-
| 81-110B2 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B2|Mainboard 81-110B2]]
|-
| 81-003 || Kaypro II or 2 Machine || [[Kaypro II or 2 (81-003)]]
|-
| 81-004 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-006 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-005 || Kaypro 10 Machine || [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)]]
|-
| 81-180 || Kaypro 10 Mainboard || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-014 || Kaypro 2 '84 or 2X || [[Kaypro 2 '84 (81-014)]] or [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-015 || Kaypro 4 '84 or 4X || [[Kaypro 4 '84 (81-015)]] or [[Kaypro 4X]]
|-
| 81-025 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-033 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-031 || Kaypro New 2 || [[Kaypro New 2]]
|-
| 81-012 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-013 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-021 || Kaypro 1 || [[Kaypro 1 (81-021)]]
|-
| 81-045-02 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-045-05 || Kaypro PC || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-486 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP Processor BIOS || [[Kaypro PC#BIOS_ROMS]]
|-
| 81-916 || Kaypro PC Multicard || [[Kaypro PC#81-916_Multicard]]
|-
| 81-1184 || Kaypro PC Processor Board || [[Kaypro PC#Cards]]
|-
| 81-512 || Kaypro 16 Processor Card Kaypro EXP Processor Board || [[Kaypro 16]] [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-225-428 || Kaypro PC Disk 1 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-429 || Kaypro PC Disk 2 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-430 || Kaypro PC Disk 3 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-431 || Kaypro PC Disk 4 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-432 || Kaypro PC Disk 5 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-433 || Kaypro PC Disk 6 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-485 || Kaypro PC Disk 7 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-486 || Kaypro PC Disk 8 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-487 || Kaypro PC Disk 9 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-1208 || Kaypro EXP Memory Unit || [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-029 || Kaypro 16 2|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-039 || Kaypro 16 2E|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-030 || Kaypro 16|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-040 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 1) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-043 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 2) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-710 || Kaypro 2000 Motherboard || [[Kaypro 2000#Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-041 || Kaypro 2000 Base Unit || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Base_Unit]]
|-
| 81-790 || Kaypro 2000 MultiAdapter || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Multi_Adapter]]
|-
| 81-707-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-709 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (2 brick) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-737-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (AC and DC input) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-050 || Kaypro 2000+ || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-1190-1 || Kaypro 2000+ Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-036 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-037 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-074 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-622 || Kaypro 286i Serial and Parallel Port Card || [[Kaypro 286i#417311]]
|-
| 81-621 || Kaypro 286i Motherboard || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-690A || Kaypro 286i Motherboard U118 || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-1524 || Kaypro 286i BIOS? || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-068 || Kaypro 286 || [[Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-1342 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1590 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-077 || Kaypro Micro 1 || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1710 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1711 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1588 || Kaypro Micro 1 Mainboard || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-240 || Kaypro II/2/4 Mainboard || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-232 || Kaypro II/2/4 Monitor ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-146 || Kaypro II/2/4 CHAR ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-184 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-470 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-149 || Kaypro II Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-292 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-478 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-235 || Kaypro 10 & Universal Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-278 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM ||
|-
| 81-188 || Kaypro 10 Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-187 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-302 || Kaypro K10 & Universal Monitor ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-691 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-692) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-692 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-691) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-467 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-516) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-516 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-514 || Kaypro 16 Floppy-RAM-IO Card (Multi-card)|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-510 || Kaypro 16 Main Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-814 || Kaypro 16 Multi-video Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-597 || Kaypro 16 Main Board (aka 81-510) || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-812 || Kaypro 16 Extension to the Video Driver Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-1598 || Kaypro 286 BIOS || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-820 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-814) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-914 || Kaypro PC/EXP/XL/286 Bus Board || [[Kaypro_286#Upgrading_a_Kaypro_PC_to_a_Kaypro_286|Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-212 || Kaypro 10 HD adapter card ||
[[Kaypro_10_(81-005)#81-212A]]
|-
| 81-1224 || Kaypro RAM Card (Likely 286 or 386) ||

|}

Kaypro 10 (81-005)

2026-11-02T02:31:26Z

FrankRahman: /* WD 1002 */

First Units?: 
April 1983 (CommuniKay, June 1983) 
May 1983 (Annual Report 1983) 
August 1983 (San Diego Union)

==Kaypro 10's Predecessor (Kaypro 5)==
The Kaypro 5 never went into production. It appears that by the time they were ready for production the cost of a 10MB hard drive was not much more than a 5MB hard drive so they went straight to the K10.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 5 photo.jpg|400px]]
|}
<blockquote>
Kaycomp Computers has unveiled a portable Z80-CP/M-based machine with a 9-in. display that incorporates a 5-1/4-in. Winchester disk drive.

The Kaypro 5 uses a 5-Mbyte Winchester from either Tandon Magnetics Corp. or Seagate Technology.

Priced at $4,485, the Kaypro 5 is a hard disk version of the Kaypro II (formerly known as the Kaycomp II), a $1,795 portable microcomputer with double-density minifloppy disk drives.
The company is currently producing 4,000 Kaypro IIs per month, Kay said.

Both units have 64K of RAM, run CP/M and include, in their purchase prices, SBasic from Topaz Programming, Profit Plan from Chang Laboratories and the Select word processing package from Select Systems. 
(Newspaper clipping, no citation)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro 5, scheduled to be available this quarter, is the same as the Kaypro II except that the Kaypro 5 includes one floppy disk and one 5.5 megabyte Winchester hard disk as storage media.
(Small Computer Systems, December 1982)

It also lists both the Kaypro II and 5 as not having Graphics
</blockquote>

==Kaypro 10==

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 side.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:K10 front.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 in office.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 10 w David Kay.jpg|400px]]
|}
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg In.jpg|400px]]

|}

[[File:K10 81-005 label.jpg|400px]]

====Manual====
May 1983 version (with updates): 
* [[Media:K10 users guide May 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users manual update Aug 1983.pdf|K10 Users Manual Update Aug 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide update Oct 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide Update Oct 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide may 83 add MUFBAR.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 83 add MUFBAR]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide addbackup.pdf|K10 users guide addbackup]]

Jan 1984 version:
[[Media:Kaypro 10 Manual.pdf|Kaypro 10 Manual]]

===K10 Pre-Release===
====Images from the Pre-Release Brochure====
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre In.jpg|400px]]
|}
This pre-release version has a hard drive with a visible cover panel and horizontal drive configuration.

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease cover image.jpg]] 
The above images also show a keyboard with a Keytronics mechanism, black numeric keypad, and KAYPRO 10 on the case. The later brochure uses a similar keyboard that uses an SMK mechanism and just KAYPRO on the keyboard case.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image2.jpg]] 
This photo was taken at the offices of Batter Kay Associates. (Confirmed with Micheal and Janice Kay Batter) Note that the calendar in the background is October. It is likely a calendar for October 1982 based on the 1st being a Friday. So it is possible that the photo was taken in that month. Which is consistent with it's announcement in November of that year.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup image of the machine shows light coming through the vent holes which is only possible if a mainboard is not installed. That along with no image on the screen makes it likely that the mainboard was not ready in time for this photo. 
What I find surprising is that they didn't try to fit a KII mainboard in so that they could display some text on the screen. 
In the later brochure for the K10 this photo is replaced by a nearly identical one that shows the "normal" drive configuration for the K10 with the newly designed graphics processor capabilities showing on the display.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Post Release Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]]
|}

Another interesting note is that the pre-release image shows the chassis resting on the keyboard like the early KIIs. The later version has the integrated kickstand to angle the system up.

====News before the release of the K10====
<blockquote>
Kaypro, the division of Non-Linear Systems that makes portable desktop computers, will introduce a 10-Mbyte hard disk at Comdex, EE Times has learned.

Marketing vice president David Kay said the 5-1/4-in. disk will be bundled in a new package, dubbed the Kaypro 10. which will sell for $2795.

Kay predicted that the 10-Mbyte Winchester will allow major graphics enhancements over the current Kaypro
II, which is bundled with eight double density floppies at a price of $1795.

The extra memory in the hard disk will accommodate graphics "somewhere between business and high-resolution quality, will allow for new enhancements like underlining, highlighting and reverse video, and will drive displays at 4 MHz," he said. 
(Electrical Enginnering Times, November 22, 1982)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Kaypro will be shipping sample copies of its new Kaypro 10 computer, with a 10-Mb Winchester disk, to its dealers. The software bundled with the computer will reside on the hard disk. This will provide a lot more storage than the floppy drives, with an additional $1000 added to the price tag. 
(Personal Computing, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The first Winchester-based portable computer priced at less than $3,000 was introduced at Comdex by the Kaypro Division of Non-Linear Systems Inc.

Dubbed the Kaypro 10, the portable contains a 10-Mbyte hard drive and runs CP/M. ... The system language is S-Basic and a Profitplan spreadsheet program is included. Software applicatins included with the Kaypro 10 are the Perfect Writer, Perfect Speller, Perfect Filler, and Perfect Calc. ...

Video features include graphics model with 160 by 100 pixels for graphs and games, inverse, blinking, underlining, and reduced intensity. ...

Provisions are made for a light pen connection. ...

Priced at $2,795, the Kaypro 10 will be available to dealers next year. 
(News Paper Clipping, but consistent with PR Tech Sheet from June 1983)
</blockquote>

Note that IBM announced the PC XT which included a Hard Drive on March 8, 1983. Compaq would wait for a 3.5 inch hard drive to be available so the Compaq Plus wasn't revealed until October 25, 1983.

===K10 Press===
<blockquote>
Since this review was completed, Non-Linear Systems has revamped its product line for 1983 with two new system configurations (the Kaypro 4 and Kaypro 10)...
The big news is the Kaypro 10, which incorporates an internal 10-megabyte hard disk as well as one double-sided, double-density, half-height floppy-disk drive (380K bytes of storage). The Kaypro 10 itself is an upgrade of the Kaypro 5, a 5-megabyte hard-disk portable shown in 1982 but never produced in quantity. The Kaypro 10, including software, will put you back only $2795. 
(Byte Magazine, September 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Within months of its birth, the Kaypro II had become a classic. It was joined in 1983 by the Kaypro 4, which sported double sided, double density disk drives for more storage, and then by the Kaypro 10, another major pathbreaker for the industry: the first-ever affordable hard disk computer for mass storage (featuring a built-in 10 megabyte hard disk), built for portability as well.

Reviewing the Kaypro 10 recently, Infoworld magazine wrote, "The Kaypro 10 is a welcome addition in today's hardware carnival--it gives consumers who want a hard-disk system the chance to buy a quality product at a good price." 
([[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]], 1983)
</blockquote>

===K10 Production Issues===
"The Kaypro 10 has been shipped in limited quantities since April (1983) and bulk shipments are soon to come." 
(CommuniKay, June 1983)

<blockquote>As of this writing (late March), 25,000 people have bought KAYPRO IIs, and NLS president Andy Kay expects to sell another 50,000 (including sales of the next computer, the KAYPRO 10) by the end of August. ...
Their KAYPRO 10 was recently unveiled and 8,000 orders are in before the first one comes off the production line. Kay expects to be turning out 10,000 KAYPRO 10s a month to match production of the Ils. "Interest is so high it looks like we'll sell more 10s than IIs," said Kay.
...
The 10 is faster than the II and has graphics capability. It comes in the same package and retails for $2,795. 
(San Diego Magazine, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Production line snarls have cut planned output of the new Kaypro 10 microcomputer by as much as 75 percent, but the company has no plans or need to retrofit products already sold, as has been rumored, said Vice President David Kay yesterday.

By this time, Solana Beach-based Kaypro expected to be producing 500 Kaypro 10 machines a day, Kay admitted yesterday, "but production is now 90 to 150 a day." The company started shipping the product in August.

Retailers are complaining of problems. "Customers have been losing data because of problems with the hard disk drive," said James Keais, technician in La Mesa's On-Line Computer Center. About 40 percent of the center's customers have had some problems with the Kaypro 10, he said. and as a result, the store warns potential customers of the problem. And it makes good on products sold: "One machine has been in here for two weeks, waiting for new hard disks," he said.

The Kaypro 10 is the first portable microcomputer using a hard disk, rather than a floppy disk - and unlike with floppies, it is not just a matter of the user putting in a new disk, explained John Rigoli, owner of the On-Line store. But Kaypro has said nothing about a retrofit operation, he said.

Kay said that overall, there has been nothing like a 40 percent failure rate: "You always get complaints about a new product," he said. But conceivably, one or a handful of retailers might get a high percentage of flawed products, he said
There has been talk in the industry that Kaypro has had to suspend production of the Kaypro 10, and that a retrofit is planned. "If we have stopped production, it's only been for half a day or so," said Kay, who added that if a major problem developed, the company would retrofit existing products, but he is aware of no such problems.

"In all electronics, there is a debugging process," he said. Каурго had a problem before with disk drives for floppies.

This problem, however, has impacted the company's financial results, he conceded. Last week, Kaypro reported that 1983 sales were $75.1 million - up impressively from 1982's $5.5 million, but less than the $100 million which had been bandied about last summer, as Kaypro was preparing for its initial stock offering. Most of that $25 million sales difference resulted from the problems with getting the Kaypro 10 production up to expectations, Kay said.

"It's a vendor problem, not a design problem," Kay said. Some of the microchips aren't up to specifications, he explained. "In a nutshell, we're not getting enough hard disks to meet our demand. IBM has the same problem" with its hard disk microcomputer, he said.

The controller board for the Kaypro 10 has been a problem, too - one related to the chips received from vendors.

"Also, there is a lot of pilot error (errors by users of the system)," he said.
"It's been a series of random problems - deviations in the batches of chips, tolerances that cause problems, problems with hard disks. We're solving them. We don't foresee a universal retrofit situation," he said.

Demand is still strong. "The problem is lack of parts, not lack of sales." said Kay. As soon as the production problems are solved, Kaypro 10 sales will be back up to expectations, he said. 
(Donald C. Bauder, Financial Editor, Newspaper Clipping, Likely from the San Diego Union)
</blockquote>

"Meanwhile, I have received a release from Microscience stating that they have an $8,000,000 order from Kaypro for half-wide 5" winchesters. The first of the 3lb drives were to be shipped September 26 with the rest of the order to be delivered over 10 months. Bill McDonald said he was quite impressed with Microscience's little drives. I guess he really was." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

"The company cited an inability to receive enough disk drives for the present $50 million inventory level. Kay said most of the problems stemmed from a shortage of Winchester drives for the Kaypro 10, but he noted that those problems have been solved with new sources. Kaypro had been buying hard disk drives exclusively from Tandon Corp. and now is additionally sourcing Winchesters from Seagate Technology and Microscience International Corp." 
(Computer System News, February 27, 1984)

<blockquote>
The only thing worse than a CMI drive is an early Tandon. We had several of the early Tandons, and they nearly shut down the Micro C editorial department, which makes them even worse than CMI drives.

Kaypro found itself in the Tandon 10 Meg replacement business right after they started using them. (An average of three replacements per system, I believe.) If you have a Tandon winchester, don't breathe on it, the heads might fall out. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Aug-Sept 1986)
</blockquote>

===Mainboard Change===
While this article states that the 4 will use the 10 board. The K4 '84 never used the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) but maybe the confusion came from the fact that it would have the upgraded graphics and used half-height drives. More research is needed as to when each board was actually switched over in production. I suspect that the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) may have been used until they got their stock low enough to just have the replacement supplies that they were targeting.

<blockquote>
The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non-Tandon half-wide drives. ...

The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won't have (at least for a while). It will have a new CTC timer and a modem built in. However, they aren't quite ready to ship the new 4. They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb 1984)
</blockquote>

===Hard Drive Support Hardware===

====81-212A====
This card allowed the mainboards to interface with the WD2002 hard drive card. It was intended to allow for other boards to interface to other drive controllers if future needs arised.

"There is a little interface board mounted on the winchester housing (under the PC board). That board can be changed so that Kaypro can use the Xebec hard disk controller card as well as the Western Digital card. Nothing like keeping your options open." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-212A.jpg]]
||
[[File:81-212A back.jpg]]
|}

====WD 1002====
[[File:WD2002.jpg]] 
This WD1002-HDO is a 61-031050 there is also a variant 61-031093 used in later models.

The WD1002 is also used in a few early DOS Kaypros that had hard drives.

The manual can be found [https://archive.org/details/WD1002-05_Winchester_Controller_19xx_Western_Digital/page/n9/mode/2up here].

===K10 in production===
"There are no changes here. The Kaypro 10 still has a 10-megabyte Winchester hard disk, one 392K floppy drive, an internal 300-baud modem, and a real-time clock.

The software package for the Kaypro 10 is the same as for the Robie, plus software for backing up your hard disk onto floppy disks." 
(Profiles, Jan 1986)

===Light Pen===
"... the light pen plug on the Kaypro 10 doesn't work. When the computer was designed, Kaypro had planned to have one, but never found time to finish it." 
(Profiles, September 1986)

The [[Video Chip]] an SY6545A-1 supports the use of a light pen.

===K10 Known Errors===
If your early Kaypro 10 won't boot from the floppy drive check page 18 of the Apr 1984 Micro Cornucopia [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2017%20Apr84.pdf here].

"We have had three Kaypro lOs with this same 'status 02' error over the last six months. Each time the error occurred, the hard disk was not up to speed when the Kaypro 10 tried to read it. In all three cases the problem stemmed from the hard disk controller board. After the boards were replaced, the 'status 02' error problem was resolved." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
I also got a call from a local dealer about this problem. [System Status 02] He had contacted two of the drive manufacturers and found out that some of the drives Kaypro is using are the low current versions which start very slowly. (In fact, they often won't start at all if the head gets left somewhere other than in the safety position and is resting on the disk.)

He has found that if he lubricates the winchester's stepper arm with a little silicon spray, the head will return to the safety position between data fetches and the drive will start properly the next time the system is turned on.
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
We've been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives. The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost.

Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months. This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak, then reformatting the winchester, booting off a floppy, and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winchester.

Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak (files aren't always correct after they're restored) so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K. For larger files, you can take your chances with mufbak, or manually break the files into 390K chunks (if possible). Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak.

Editor's note, we haven't heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15. Also, SQ. COM (squeezes files) does a very good job of reducing the size of large files (USQ.COM unsqueezes them). See disk K1. 
Allyn Franklin of Drivemasters 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"If, after a few hours' work, a "System Status 02" message appears at the bottom of your K10 screen, it may be a heat-related controller board problem. The HDO Controller is supposed to run at 10 megahertz. If a "System Status 02" error message appears after a period of time, it's generally because the frequency of the controller has crept up to 12 or even 14 megahertz. A simple solution is to replace the capacitor at C18 with a more heat-resillient capacitor, one with a value of 18 picofarads and a temperature band of N1500. This will help you hold the 10 megahertz value needed for proper running. After you have replaced that capacitor, re-adjust the VCO at C19 as it says in the documentation that comes with the STU's. You will need to do a high level reformatting of the hard drive with any part replacement or repair dealing with System Status 02. During System Status 02 you are sending garbage to the hard drive, so an 02 message can come up when the garbage area of the hard drive is read." 
(Kugram, Jan-Feb 1987)

</blockquote>

===K10 marketing===
{|
|-
| This flier is from the personal collection of David Kay. It does not have dates on it but based on the product release dates and that it features the Kaypro 10 I believe it is likely for the 1983 National Computer Conference. Which was held May 16-19 in Anaheim, California. That year the Anaheim Convention Center was full of displays and the overflow was in the Disneyland Hotel. [https://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n8/188_1983_National_Computer_Co.php National Computer Convention 1983]
||
[[File:K10 Disneyland Demo.jpg|400px]]
|}

===K10 Ends Production===
"The Kaypro Corporation sends news of the passing of a couple of old friends, the Kaypro 1 and the Kaypro 10. The decision to send old No. 1 to the glue factory will sadden many CP/M followers who fondly remember 'Darth Vader's lunch bucket.'"
(New York Times, February 11, 1986)

"On February 1 they'll no longer be shipping any CP/M systems except the 2X. No 10, no 1, no Robie, no 4, just the 2X. All that, despite the fact that they were back-ordered on the 10, and the 1 wasn't doing badly either!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, April-May 1986)

===Prototype Variations on the K10===

====Climate Hardened====
"Unfortunately the climate-hardened Kaypros referred to in that article were especially manufactured for the purpose. They were Kaypro 10s without any ventilation slots in the chassis, no floppy drives, and special sealing gaskets around the communications ports and CRTs.

Without floppy drives the only way to introduce new programs and download data is through the serial ports. Only a small number of these computers were made as an experiment by Kaypro. They are not available on special order." 
(Profiles, March 1986)

====Kaypro 12X====
"There are currently only about a dozen 12X systems in existance (the Kaypro 10 with a 2.6 meg floppy drive). The engineers at Kaypro are using these 12Xs for software development (such a deal)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1984)

===Software===

[[File:K10 14 disk set Sep 83.jpg|400px]] 
14 Disk Set dated September 1983

[[File:Kaypro 10 install disks.jpg|300px]] 
A set of 8 disks used to install the standard software onto the harddrive.

===Dates===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Disk label w oct 83.jpg]]
|| Note that this disk refers to the K10 and has a date of Oct 20, 1983. Part number: 81-225-48
|}

It's FCC ID was issued July 7, 1985.

==Mainboard==
The [[Mainboard 81-180|81-180 mainboard]] was used in the Kaypro 10.

Kaypro 10 (81-005)

2026-11-02T02:05:22Z

FrankRahman: /* WD 1002 */

First Units?: 
April 1983 (CommuniKay, June 1983) 
May 1983 (Annual Report 1983) 
August 1983 (San Diego Union)

==Kaypro 10's Predecessor (Kaypro 5)==
The Kaypro 5 never went into production. It appears that by the time they were ready for production the cost of a 10MB hard drive was not much more than a 5MB hard drive so they went straight to the K10.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 5 photo.jpg|400px]]
|}
<blockquote>
Kaycomp Computers has unveiled a portable Z80-CP/M-based machine with a 9-in. display that incorporates a 5-1/4-in. Winchester disk drive.

The Kaypro 5 uses a 5-Mbyte Winchester from either Tandon Magnetics Corp. or Seagate Technology.

Priced at $4,485, the Kaypro 5 is a hard disk version of the Kaypro II (formerly known as the Kaycomp II), a $1,795 portable microcomputer with double-density minifloppy disk drives.
The company is currently producing 4,000 Kaypro IIs per month, Kay said.

Both units have 64K of RAM, run CP/M and include, in their purchase prices, SBasic from Topaz Programming, Profit Plan from Chang Laboratories and the Select word processing package from Select Systems. 
(Newspaper clipping, no citation)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro 5, scheduled to be available this quarter, is the same as the Kaypro II except that the Kaypro 5 includes one floppy disk and one 5.5 megabyte Winchester hard disk as storage media.
(Small Computer Systems, December 1982)

It also lists both the Kaypro II and 5 as not having Graphics
</blockquote>

==Kaypro 10==

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 side.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:K10 front.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 in office.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 10 w David Kay.jpg|400px]]
|}
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg In.jpg|400px]]

|}

[[File:K10 81-005 label.jpg|400px]]

====Manual====
May 1983 version (with updates): 
* [[Media:K10 users guide May 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users manual update Aug 1983.pdf|K10 Users Manual Update Aug 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide update Oct 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide Update Oct 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide may 83 add MUFBAR.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 83 add MUFBAR]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide addbackup.pdf|K10 users guide addbackup]]

Jan 1984 version:
[[Media:Kaypro 10 Manual.pdf|Kaypro 10 Manual]]

===K10 Pre-Release===
====Images from the Pre-Release Brochure====
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre In.jpg|400px]]
|}
This pre-release version has a hard drive with a visible cover panel and horizontal drive configuration.

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease cover image.jpg]] 
The above images also show a keyboard with a Keytronics mechanism, black numeric keypad, and KAYPRO 10 on the case. The later brochure uses a similar keyboard that uses an SMK mechanism and just KAYPRO on the keyboard case.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image2.jpg]] 
This photo was taken at the offices of Batter Kay Associates. (Confirmed with Micheal and Janice Kay Batter) Note that the calendar in the background is October. It is likely a calendar for October 1982 based on the 1st being a Friday. So it is possible that the photo was taken in that month. Which is consistent with it's announcement in November of that year.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup image of the machine shows light coming through the vent holes which is only possible if a mainboard is not installed. That along with no image on the screen makes it likely that the mainboard was not ready in time for this photo. 
What I find surprising is that they didn't try to fit a KII mainboard in so that they could display some text on the screen. 
In the later brochure for the K10 this photo is replaced by a nearly identical one that shows the "normal" drive configuration for the K10 with the newly designed graphics processor capabilities showing on the display.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Post Release Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]]
|}

Another interesting note is that the pre-release image shows the chassis resting on the keyboard like the early KIIs. The later version has the integrated kickstand to angle the system up.

====News before the release of the K10====
<blockquote>
Kaypro, the division of Non-Linear Systems that makes portable desktop computers, will introduce a 10-Mbyte hard disk at Comdex, EE Times has learned.

Marketing vice president David Kay said the 5-1/4-in. disk will be bundled in a new package, dubbed the Kaypro 10. which will sell for $2795.

Kay predicted that the 10-Mbyte Winchester will allow major graphics enhancements over the current Kaypro
II, which is bundled with eight double density floppies at a price of $1795.

The extra memory in the hard disk will accommodate graphics "somewhere between business and high-resolution quality, will allow for new enhancements like underlining, highlighting and reverse video, and will drive displays at 4 MHz," he said. 
(Electrical Enginnering Times, November 22, 1982)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Kaypro will be shipping sample copies of its new Kaypro 10 computer, with a 10-Mb Winchester disk, to its dealers. The software bundled with the computer will reside on the hard disk. This will provide a lot more storage than the floppy drives, with an additional $1000 added to the price tag. 
(Personal Computing, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The first Winchester-based portable computer priced at less than $3,000 was introduced at Comdex by the Kaypro Division of Non-Linear Systems Inc.

Dubbed the Kaypro 10, the portable contains a 10-Mbyte hard drive and runs CP/M. ... The system language is S-Basic and a Profitplan spreadsheet program is included. Software applicatins included with the Kaypro 10 are the Perfect Writer, Perfect Speller, Perfect Filler, and Perfect Calc. ...

Video features include graphics model with 160 by 100 pixels for graphs and games, inverse, blinking, underlining, and reduced intensity. ...

Provisions are made for a light pen connection. ...

Priced at $2,795, the Kaypro 10 will be available to dealers next year. 
(News Paper Clipping, but consistent with PR Tech Sheet from June 1983)
</blockquote>

Note that IBM announced the PC XT which included a Hard Drive on March 8, 1983. Compaq would wait for a 3.5 inch hard drive to be available so the Compaq Plus wasn't revealed until October 25, 1983.

===K10 Press===
<blockquote>
Since this review was completed, Non-Linear Systems has revamped its product line for 1983 with two new system configurations (the Kaypro 4 and Kaypro 10)...
The big news is the Kaypro 10, which incorporates an internal 10-megabyte hard disk as well as one double-sided, double-density, half-height floppy-disk drive (380K bytes of storage). The Kaypro 10 itself is an upgrade of the Kaypro 5, a 5-megabyte hard-disk portable shown in 1982 but never produced in quantity. The Kaypro 10, including software, will put you back only $2795. 
(Byte Magazine, September 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Within months of its birth, the Kaypro II had become a classic. It was joined in 1983 by the Kaypro 4, which sported double sided, double density disk drives for more storage, and then by the Kaypro 10, another major pathbreaker for the industry: the first-ever affordable hard disk computer for mass storage (featuring a built-in 10 megabyte hard disk), built for portability as well.

Reviewing the Kaypro 10 recently, Infoworld magazine wrote, "The Kaypro 10 is a welcome addition in today's hardware carnival--it gives consumers who want a hard-disk system the chance to buy a quality product at a good price." 
([[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]], 1983)
</blockquote>

===K10 Production Issues===
"The Kaypro 10 has been shipped in limited quantities since April (1983) and bulk shipments are soon to come." 
(CommuniKay, June 1983)

<blockquote>As of this writing (late March), 25,000 people have bought KAYPRO IIs, and NLS president Andy Kay expects to sell another 50,000 (including sales of the next computer, the KAYPRO 10) by the end of August. ...
Their KAYPRO 10 was recently unveiled and 8,000 orders are in before the first one comes off the production line. Kay expects to be turning out 10,000 KAYPRO 10s a month to match production of the Ils. "Interest is so high it looks like we'll sell more 10s than IIs," said Kay.
...
The 10 is faster than the II and has graphics capability. It comes in the same package and retails for $2,795. 
(San Diego Magazine, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Production line snarls have cut planned output of the new Kaypro 10 microcomputer by as much as 75 percent, but the company has no plans or need to retrofit products already sold, as has been rumored, said Vice President David Kay yesterday.

By this time, Solana Beach-based Kaypro expected to be producing 500 Kaypro 10 machines a day, Kay admitted yesterday, "but production is now 90 to 150 a day." The company started shipping the product in August.

Retailers are complaining of problems. "Customers have been losing data because of problems with the hard disk drive," said James Keais, technician in La Mesa's On-Line Computer Center. About 40 percent of the center's customers have had some problems with the Kaypro 10, he said. and as a result, the store warns potential customers of the problem. And it makes good on products sold: "One machine has been in here for two weeks, waiting for new hard disks," he said.

The Kaypro 10 is the first portable microcomputer using a hard disk, rather than a floppy disk - and unlike with floppies, it is not just a matter of the user putting in a new disk, explained John Rigoli, owner of the On-Line store. But Kaypro has said nothing about a retrofit operation, he said.

Kay said that overall, there has been nothing like a 40 percent failure rate: "You always get complaints about a new product," he said. But conceivably, one or a handful of retailers might get a high percentage of flawed products, he said
There has been talk in the industry that Kaypro has had to suspend production of the Kaypro 10, and that a retrofit is planned. "If we have stopped production, it's only been for half a day or so," said Kay, who added that if a major problem developed, the company would retrofit existing products, but he is aware of no such problems.

"In all electronics, there is a debugging process," he said. Каурго had a problem before with disk drives for floppies.

This problem, however, has impacted the company's financial results, he conceded. Last week, Kaypro reported that 1983 sales were $75.1 million - up impressively from 1982's $5.5 million, but less than the $100 million which had been bandied about last summer, as Kaypro was preparing for its initial stock offering. Most of that $25 million sales difference resulted from the problems with getting the Kaypro 10 production up to expectations, Kay said.

"It's a vendor problem, not a design problem," Kay said. Some of the microchips aren't up to specifications, he explained. "In a nutshell, we're not getting enough hard disks to meet our demand. IBM has the same problem" with its hard disk microcomputer, he said.

The controller board for the Kaypro 10 has been a problem, too - one related to the chips received from vendors.

"Also, there is a lot of pilot error (errors by users of the system)," he said.
"It's been a series of random problems - deviations in the batches of chips, tolerances that cause problems, problems with hard disks. We're solving them. We don't foresee a universal retrofit situation," he said.

Demand is still strong. "The problem is lack of parts, not lack of sales." said Kay. As soon as the production problems are solved, Kaypro 10 sales will be back up to expectations, he said. 
(Donald C. Bauder, Financial Editor, Newspaper Clipping, Likely from the San Diego Union)
</blockquote>

"Meanwhile, I have received a release from Microscience stating that they have an $8,000,000 order from Kaypro for half-wide 5" winchesters. The first of the 3lb drives were to be shipped September 26 with the rest of the order to be delivered over 10 months. Bill McDonald said he was quite impressed with Microscience's little drives. I guess he really was." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

"The company cited an inability to receive enough disk drives for the present $50 million inventory level. Kay said most of the problems stemmed from a shortage of Winchester drives for the Kaypro 10, but he noted that those problems have been solved with new sources. Kaypro had been buying hard disk drives exclusively from Tandon Corp. and now is additionally sourcing Winchesters from Seagate Technology and Microscience International Corp." 
(Computer System News, February 27, 1984)

<blockquote>
The only thing worse than a CMI drive is an early Tandon. We had several of the early Tandons, and they nearly shut down the Micro C editorial department, which makes them even worse than CMI drives.

Kaypro found itself in the Tandon 10 Meg replacement business right after they started using them. (An average of three replacements per system, I believe.) If you have a Tandon winchester, don't breathe on it, the heads might fall out. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Aug-Sept 1986)
</blockquote>

===Mainboard Change===
While this article states that the 4 will use the 10 board. The K4 '84 never used the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) but maybe the confusion came from the fact that it would have the upgraded graphics and used half-height drives. More research is needed as to when each board was actually switched over in production. I suspect that the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) may have been used until they got their stock low enough to just have the replacement supplies that they were targeting.

<blockquote>
The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non-Tandon half-wide drives. ...

The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won't have (at least for a while). It will have a new CTC timer and a modem built in. However, they aren't quite ready to ship the new 4. They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb 1984)
</blockquote>

===Hard Drive Support Hardware===

====81-212A====
This card allowed the mainboards to interface with the WD2002 hard drive card. It was intended to allow for other boards to interface to other drive controllers if future needs arised.

"There is a little interface board mounted on the winchester housing (under the PC board). That board can be changed so that Kaypro can use the Xebec hard disk controller card as well as the Western Digital card. Nothing like keeping your options open." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-212A.jpg]]
||
[[File:81-212A back.jpg]]
|}

====WD 1002====
[[File:WD2002.jpg]]

The manual can be found [https://archive.org/details/WD1002-05_Winchester_Controller_19xx_Western_Digital/page/n9/mode/2up here].

===K10 in production===
"There are no changes here. The Kaypro 10 still has a 10-megabyte Winchester hard disk, one 392K floppy drive, an internal 300-baud modem, and a real-time clock.

The software package for the Kaypro 10 is the same as for the Robie, plus software for backing up your hard disk onto floppy disks." 
(Profiles, Jan 1986)

===Light Pen===
"... the light pen plug on the Kaypro 10 doesn't work. When the computer was designed, Kaypro had planned to have one, but never found time to finish it." 
(Profiles, September 1986)

The [[Video Chip]] an SY6545A-1 supports the use of a light pen.

===K10 Known Errors===
If your early Kaypro 10 won't boot from the floppy drive check page 18 of the Apr 1984 Micro Cornucopia [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2017%20Apr84.pdf here].

"We have had three Kaypro lOs with this same 'status 02' error over the last six months. Each time the error occurred, the hard disk was not up to speed when the Kaypro 10 tried to read it. In all three cases the problem stemmed from the hard disk controller board. After the boards were replaced, the 'status 02' error problem was resolved." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
I also got a call from a local dealer about this problem. [System Status 02] He had contacted two of the drive manufacturers and found out that some of the drives Kaypro is using are the low current versions which start very slowly. (In fact, they often won't start at all if the head gets left somewhere other than in the safety position and is resting on the disk.)

He has found that if he lubricates the winchester's stepper arm with a little silicon spray, the head will return to the safety position between data fetches and the drive will start properly the next time the system is turned on.
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
We've been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives. The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost.

Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months. This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak, then reformatting the winchester, booting off a floppy, and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winchester.

Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak (files aren't always correct after they're restored) so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K. For larger files, you can take your chances with mufbak, or manually break the files into 390K chunks (if possible). Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak.

Editor's note, we haven't heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15. Also, SQ. COM (squeezes files) does a very good job of reducing the size of large files (USQ.COM unsqueezes them). See disk K1. 
Allyn Franklin of Drivemasters 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"If, after a few hours' work, a "System Status 02" message appears at the bottom of your K10 screen, it may be a heat-related controller board problem. The HDO Controller is supposed to run at 10 megahertz. If a "System Status 02" error message appears after a period of time, it's generally because the frequency of the controller has crept up to 12 or even 14 megahertz. A simple solution is to replace the capacitor at C18 with a more heat-resillient capacitor, one with a value of 18 picofarads and a temperature band of N1500. This will help you hold the 10 megahertz value needed for proper running. After you have replaced that capacitor, re-adjust the VCO at C19 as it says in the documentation that comes with the STU's. You will need to do a high level reformatting of the hard drive with any part replacement or repair dealing with System Status 02. During System Status 02 you are sending garbage to the hard drive, so an 02 message can come up when the garbage area of the hard drive is read." 
(Kugram, Jan-Feb 1987)

</blockquote>

===K10 marketing===
{|
|-
| This flier is from the personal collection of David Kay. It does not have dates on it but based on the product release dates and that it features the Kaypro 10 I believe it is likely for the 1983 National Computer Conference. Which was held May 16-19 in Anaheim, California. That year the Anaheim Convention Center was full of displays and the overflow was in the Disneyland Hotel. [https://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n8/188_1983_National_Computer_Co.php National Computer Convention 1983]
||
[[File:K10 Disneyland Demo.jpg|400px]]
|}

===K10 Ends Production===
"The Kaypro Corporation sends news of the passing of a couple of old friends, the Kaypro 1 and the Kaypro 10. The decision to send old No. 1 to the glue factory will sadden many CP/M followers who fondly remember 'Darth Vader's lunch bucket.'"
(New York Times, February 11, 1986)

"On February 1 they'll no longer be shipping any CP/M systems except the 2X. No 10, no 1, no Robie, no 4, just the 2X. All that, despite the fact that they were back-ordered on the 10, and the 1 wasn't doing badly either!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, April-May 1986)

===Prototype Variations on the K10===

====Climate Hardened====
"Unfortunately the climate-hardened Kaypros referred to in that article were especially manufactured for the purpose. They were Kaypro 10s without any ventilation slots in the chassis, no floppy drives, and special sealing gaskets around the communications ports and CRTs.

Without floppy drives the only way to introduce new programs and download data is through the serial ports. Only a small number of these computers were made as an experiment by Kaypro. They are not available on special order." 
(Profiles, March 1986)

====Kaypro 12X====
"There are currently only about a dozen 12X systems in existance (the Kaypro 10 with a 2.6 meg floppy drive). The engineers at Kaypro are using these 12Xs for software development (such a deal)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1984)

===Software===

[[File:K10 14 disk set Sep 83.jpg|400px]] 
14 Disk Set dated September 1983

[[File:Kaypro 10 install disks.jpg|300px]] 
A set of 8 disks used to install the standard software onto the harddrive.

===Dates===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Disk label w oct 83.jpg]]
|| Note that this disk refers to the K10 and has a date of Oct 20, 1983. Part number: 81-225-48
|}

It's FCC ID was issued July 7, 1985.

==Mainboard==
The [[Mainboard 81-180|81-180 mainboard]] was used in the Kaypro 10.

Kaypro 10 (81-005)

2026-11-02T02:02:15Z

FrankRahman: /* WD 2002 */

First Units?: 
April 1983 (CommuniKay, June 1983) 
May 1983 (Annual Report 1983) 
August 1983 (San Diego Union)

==Kaypro 10's Predecessor (Kaypro 5)==
The Kaypro 5 never went into production. It appears that by the time they were ready for production the cost of a 10MB hard drive was not much more than a 5MB hard drive so they went straight to the K10.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 5 photo.jpg|400px]]
|}
<blockquote>
Kaycomp Computers has unveiled a portable Z80-CP/M-based machine with a 9-in. display that incorporates a 5-1/4-in. Winchester disk drive.

The Kaypro 5 uses a 5-Mbyte Winchester from either Tandon Magnetics Corp. or Seagate Technology.

Priced at $4,485, the Kaypro 5 is a hard disk version of the Kaypro II (formerly known as the Kaycomp II), a $1,795 portable microcomputer with double-density minifloppy disk drives.
The company is currently producing 4,000 Kaypro IIs per month, Kay said.

Both units have 64K of RAM, run CP/M and include, in their purchase prices, SBasic from Topaz Programming, Profit Plan from Chang Laboratories and the Select word processing package from Select Systems. 
(Newspaper clipping, no citation)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro 5, scheduled to be available this quarter, is the same as the Kaypro II except that the Kaypro 5 includes one floppy disk and one 5.5 megabyte Winchester hard disk as storage media.
(Small Computer Systems, December 1982)

It also lists both the Kaypro II and 5 as not having Graphics
</blockquote>

==Kaypro 10==

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 side.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:K10 front.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 in office.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 10 w David Kay.jpg|400px]]
|}
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg In.jpg|400px]]

|}

[[File:K10 81-005 label.jpg|400px]]

====Manual====
May 1983 version (with updates): 
* [[Media:K10 users guide May 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users manual update Aug 1983.pdf|K10 Users Manual Update Aug 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide update Oct 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide Update Oct 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide may 83 add MUFBAR.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 83 add MUFBAR]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide addbackup.pdf|K10 users guide addbackup]]

Jan 1984 version:
[[Media:Kaypro 10 Manual.pdf|Kaypro 10 Manual]]

===K10 Pre-Release===
====Images from the Pre-Release Brochure====
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre In.jpg|400px]]
|}
This pre-release version has a hard drive with a visible cover panel and horizontal drive configuration.

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease cover image.jpg]] 
The above images also show a keyboard with a Keytronics mechanism, black numeric keypad, and KAYPRO 10 on the case. The later brochure uses a similar keyboard that uses an SMK mechanism and just KAYPRO on the keyboard case.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image2.jpg]] 
This photo was taken at the offices of Batter Kay Associates. (Confirmed with Micheal and Janice Kay Batter) Note that the calendar in the background is October. It is likely a calendar for October 1982 based on the 1st being a Friday. So it is possible that the photo was taken in that month. Which is consistent with it's announcement in November of that year.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup image of the machine shows light coming through the vent holes which is only possible if a mainboard is not installed. That along with no image on the screen makes it likely that the mainboard was not ready in time for this photo. 
What I find surprising is that they didn't try to fit a KII mainboard in so that they could display some text on the screen. 
In the later brochure for the K10 this photo is replaced by a nearly identical one that shows the "normal" drive configuration for the K10 with the newly designed graphics processor capabilities showing on the display.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Post Release Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]]
|}

Another interesting note is that the pre-release image shows the chassis resting on the keyboard like the early KIIs. The later version has the integrated kickstand to angle the system up.

====News before the release of the K10====
<blockquote>
Kaypro, the division of Non-Linear Systems that makes portable desktop computers, will introduce a 10-Mbyte hard disk at Comdex, EE Times has learned.

Marketing vice president David Kay said the 5-1/4-in. disk will be bundled in a new package, dubbed the Kaypro 10. which will sell for $2795.

Kay predicted that the 10-Mbyte Winchester will allow major graphics enhancements over the current Kaypro
II, which is bundled with eight double density floppies at a price of $1795.

The extra memory in the hard disk will accommodate graphics "somewhere between business and high-resolution quality, will allow for new enhancements like underlining, highlighting and reverse video, and will drive displays at 4 MHz," he said. 
(Electrical Enginnering Times, November 22, 1982)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Kaypro will be shipping sample copies of its new Kaypro 10 computer, with a 10-Mb Winchester disk, to its dealers. The software bundled with the computer will reside on the hard disk. This will provide a lot more storage than the floppy drives, with an additional $1000 added to the price tag. 
(Personal Computing, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The first Winchester-based portable computer priced at less than $3,000 was introduced at Comdex by the Kaypro Division of Non-Linear Systems Inc.

Dubbed the Kaypro 10, the portable contains a 10-Mbyte hard drive and runs CP/M. ... The system language is S-Basic and a Profitplan spreadsheet program is included. Software applicatins included with the Kaypro 10 are the Perfect Writer, Perfect Speller, Perfect Filler, and Perfect Calc. ...

Video features include graphics model with 160 by 100 pixels for graphs and games, inverse, blinking, underlining, and reduced intensity. ...

Provisions are made for a light pen connection. ...

Priced at $2,795, the Kaypro 10 will be available to dealers next year. 
(News Paper Clipping, but consistent with PR Tech Sheet from June 1983)
</blockquote>

Note that IBM announced the PC XT which included a Hard Drive on March 8, 1983. Compaq would wait for a 3.5 inch hard drive to be available so the Compaq Plus wasn't revealed until October 25, 1983.

===K10 Press===
<blockquote>
Since this review was completed, Non-Linear Systems has revamped its product line for 1983 with two new system configurations (the Kaypro 4 and Kaypro 10)...
The big news is the Kaypro 10, which incorporates an internal 10-megabyte hard disk as well as one double-sided, double-density, half-height floppy-disk drive (380K bytes of storage). The Kaypro 10 itself is an upgrade of the Kaypro 5, a 5-megabyte hard-disk portable shown in 1982 but never produced in quantity. The Kaypro 10, including software, will put you back only $2795. 
(Byte Magazine, September 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Within months of its birth, the Kaypro II had become a classic. It was joined in 1983 by the Kaypro 4, which sported double sided, double density disk drives for more storage, and then by the Kaypro 10, another major pathbreaker for the industry: the first-ever affordable hard disk computer for mass storage (featuring a built-in 10 megabyte hard disk), built for portability as well.

Reviewing the Kaypro 10 recently, Infoworld magazine wrote, "The Kaypro 10 is a welcome addition in today's hardware carnival--it gives consumers who want a hard-disk system the chance to buy a quality product at a good price." 
([[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]], 1983)
</blockquote>

===K10 Production Issues===
"The Kaypro 10 has been shipped in limited quantities since April (1983) and bulk shipments are soon to come." 
(CommuniKay, June 1983)

<blockquote>As of this writing (late March), 25,000 people have bought KAYPRO IIs, and NLS president Andy Kay expects to sell another 50,000 (including sales of the next computer, the KAYPRO 10) by the end of August. ...
Their KAYPRO 10 was recently unveiled and 8,000 orders are in before the first one comes off the production line. Kay expects to be turning out 10,000 KAYPRO 10s a month to match production of the Ils. "Interest is so high it looks like we'll sell more 10s than IIs," said Kay.
...
The 10 is faster than the II and has graphics capability. It comes in the same package and retails for $2,795. 
(San Diego Magazine, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Production line snarls have cut planned output of the new Kaypro 10 microcomputer by as much as 75 percent, but the company has no plans or need to retrofit products already sold, as has been rumored, said Vice President David Kay yesterday.

By this time, Solana Beach-based Kaypro expected to be producing 500 Kaypro 10 machines a day, Kay admitted yesterday, "but production is now 90 to 150 a day." The company started shipping the product in August.

Retailers are complaining of problems. "Customers have been losing data because of problems with the hard disk drive," said James Keais, technician in La Mesa's On-Line Computer Center. About 40 percent of the center's customers have had some problems with the Kaypro 10, he said. and as a result, the store warns potential customers of the problem. And it makes good on products sold: "One machine has been in here for two weeks, waiting for new hard disks," he said.

The Kaypro 10 is the first portable microcomputer using a hard disk, rather than a floppy disk - and unlike with floppies, it is not just a matter of the user putting in a new disk, explained John Rigoli, owner of the On-Line store. But Kaypro has said nothing about a retrofit operation, he said.

Kay said that overall, there has been nothing like a 40 percent failure rate: "You always get complaints about a new product," he said. But conceivably, one or a handful of retailers might get a high percentage of flawed products, he said
There has been talk in the industry that Kaypro has had to suspend production of the Kaypro 10, and that a retrofit is planned. "If we have stopped production, it's only been for half a day or so," said Kay, who added that if a major problem developed, the company would retrofit existing products, but he is aware of no such problems.

"In all electronics, there is a debugging process," he said. Каурго had a problem before with disk drives for floppies.

This problem, however, has impacted the company's financial results, he conceded. Last week, Kaypro reported that 1983 sales were $75.1 million - up impressively from 1982's $5.5 million, but less than the $100 million which had been bandied about last summer, as Kaypro was preparing for its initial stock offering. Most of that $25 million sales difference resulted from the problems with getting the Kaypro 10 production up to expectations, Kay said.

"It's a vendor problem, not a design problem," Kay said. Some of the microchips aren't up to specifications, he explained. "In a nutshell, we're not getting enough hard disks to meet our demand. IBM has the same problem" with its hard disk microcomputer, he said.

The controller board for the Kaypro 10 has been a problem, too - one related to the chips received from vendors.

"Also, there is a lot of pilot error (errors by users of the system)," he said.
"It's been a series of random problems - deviations in the batches of chips, tolerances that cause problems, problems with hard disks. We're solving them. We don't foresee a universal retrofit situation," he said.

Demand is still strong. "The problem is lack of parts, not lack of sales." said Kay. As soon as the production problems are solved, Kaypro 10 sales will be back up to expectations, he said. 
(Donald C. Bauder, Financial Editor, Newspaper Clipping, Likely from the San Diego Union)
</blockquote>

"Meanwhile, I have received a release from Microscience stating that they have an $8,000,000 order from Kaypro for half-wide 5" winchesters. The first of the 3lb drives were to be shipped September 26 with the rest of the order to be delivered over 10 months. Bill McDonald said he was quite impressed with Microscience's little drives. I guess he really was." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

"The company cited an inability to receive enough disk drives for the present $50 million inventory level. Kay said most of the problems stemmed from a shortage of Winchester drives for the Kaypro 10, but he noted that those problems have been solved with new sources. Kaypro had been buying hard disk drives exclusively from Tandon Corp. and now is additionally sourcing Winchesters from Seagate Technology and Microscience International Corp." 
(Computer System News, February 27, 1984)

<blockquote>
The only thing worse than a CMI drive is an early Tandon. We had several of the early Tandons, and they nearly shut down the Micro C editorial department, which makes them even worse than CMI drives.

Kaypro found itself in the Tandon 10 Meg replacement business right after they started using them. (An average of three replacements per system, I believe.) If you have a Tandon winchester, don't breathe on it, the heads might fall out. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Aug-Sept 1986)
</blockquote>

===Mainboard Change===
While this article states that the 4 will use the 10 board. The K4 '84 never used the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) but maybe the confusion came from the fact that it would have the upgraded graphics and used half-height drives. More research is needed as to when each board was actually switched over in production. I suspect that the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) may have been used until they got their stock low enough to just have the replacement supplies that they were targeting.

<blockquote>
The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non-Tandon half-wide drives. ...

The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won't have (at least for a while). It will have a new CTC timer and a modem built in. However, they aren't quite ready to ship the new 4. They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb 1984)
</blockquote>

===Hard Drive Support Hardware===

====81-212A====
This card allowed the mainboards to interface with the WD2002 hard drive card. It was intended to allow for other boards to interface to other drive controllers if future needs arised.

"There is a little interface board mounted on the winchester housing (under the PC board). That board can be changed so that Kaypro can use the Xebec hard disk controller card as well as the Western Digital card. Nothing like keeping your options open." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-212A.jpg]]
||
[[File:81-212A back.jpg]]
|}

====WD 1002====
[[File:WD2002.jpg]]

===K10 in production===
"There are no changes here. The Kaypro 10 still has a 10-megabyte Winchester hard disk, one 392K floppy drive, an internal 300-baud modem, and a real-time clock.

The software package for the Kaypro 10 is the same as for the Robie, plus software for backing up your hard disk onto floppy disks." 
(Profiles, Jan 1986)

===Light Pen===
"... the light pen plug on the Kaypro 10 doesn't work. When the computer was designed, Kaypro had planned to have one, but never found time to finish it." 
(Profiles, September 1986)

The [[Video Chip]] an SY6545A-1 supports the use of a light pen.

===K10 Known Errors===
If your early Kaypro 10 won't boot from the floppy drive check page 18 of the Apr 1984 Micro Cornucopia [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2017%20Apr84.pdf here].

"We have had three Kaypro lOs with this same 'status 02' error over the last six months. Each time the error occurred, the hard disk was not up to speed when the Kaypro 10 tried to read it. In all three cases the problem stemmed from the hard disk controller board. After the boards were replaced, the 'status 02' error problem was resolved." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
I also got a call from a local dealer about this problem. [System Status 02] He had contacted two of the drive manufacturers and found out that some of the drives Kaypro is using are the low current versions which start very slowly. (In fact, they often won't start at all if the head gets left somewhere other than in the safety position and is resting on the disk.)

He has found that if he lubricates the winchester's stepper arm with a little silicon spray, the head will return to the safety position between data fetches and the drive will start properly the next time the system is turned on.
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
We've been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives. The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost.

Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months. This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak, then reformatting the winchester, booting off a floppy, and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winchester.

Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak (files aren't always correct after they're restored) so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K. For larger files, you can take your chances with mufbak, or manually break the files into 390K chunks (if possible). Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak.

Editor's note, we haven't heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15. Also, SQ. COM (squeezes files) does a very good job of reducing the size of large files (USQ.COM unsqueezes them). See disk K1. 
Allyn Franklin of Drivemasters 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"If, after a few hours' work, a "System Status 02" message appears at the bottom of your K10 screen, it may be a heat-related controller board problem. The HDO Controller is supposed to run at 10 megahertz. If a "System Status 02" error message appears after a period of time, it's generally because the frequency of the controller has crept up to 12 or even 14 megahertz. A simple solution is to replace the capacitor at C18 with a more heat-resillient capacitor, one with a value of 18 picofarads and a temperature band of N1500. This will help you hold the 10 megahertz value needed for proper running. After you have replaced that capacitor, re-adjust the VCO at C19 as it says in the documentation that comes with the STU's. You will need to do a high level reformatting of the hard drive with any part replacement or repair dealing with System Status 02. During System Status 02 you are sending garbage to the hard drive, so an 02 message can come up when the garbage area of the hard drive is read." 
(Kugram, Jan-Feb 1987)

</blockquote>

===K10 marketing===
{|
|-
| This flier is from the personal collection of David Kay. It does not have dates on it but based on the product release dates and that it features the Kaypro 10 I believe it is likely for the 1983 National Computer Conference. Which was held May 16-19 in Anaheim, California. That year the Anaheim Convention Center was full of displays and the overflow was in the Disneyland Hotel. [https://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n8/188_1983_National_Computer_Co.php National Computer Convention 1983]
||
[[File:K10 Disneyland Demo.jpg|400px]]
|}

===K10 Ends Production===
"The Kaypro Corporation sends news of the passing of a couple of old friends, the Kaypro 1 and the Kaypro 10. The decision to send old No. 1 to the glue factory will sadden many CP/M followers who fondly remember 'Darth Vader's lunch bucket.'"
(New York Times, February 11, 1986)

"On February 1 they'll no longer be shipping any CP/M systems except the 2X. No 10, no 1, no Robie, no 4, just the 2X. All that, despite the fact that they were back-ordered on the 10, and the 1 wasn't doing badly either!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, April-May 1986)

===Prototype Variations on the K10===

====Climate Hardened====
"Unfortunately the climate-hardened Kaypros referred to in that article were especially manufactured for the purpose. They were Kaypro 10s without any ventilation slots in the chassis, no floppy drives, and special sealing gaskets around the communications ports and CRTs.

Without floppy drives the only way to introduce new programs and download data is through the serial ports. Only a small number of these computers were made as an experiment by Kaypro. They are not available on special order." 
(Profiles, March 1986)

====Kaypro 12X====
"There are currently only about a dozen 12X systems in existance (the Kaypro 10 with a 2.6 meg floppy drive). The engineers at Kaypro are using these 12Xs for software development (such a deal)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1984)

===Software===

[[File:K10 14 disk set Sep 83.jpg|400px]] 
14 Disk Set dated September 1983

[[File:Kaypro 10 install disks.jpg|300px]] 
A set of 8 disks used to install the standard software onto the harddrive.

===Dates===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Disk label w oct 83.jpg]]
|| Note that this disk refers to the K10 and has a date of Oct 20, 1983. Part number: 81-225-48
|}

It's FCC ID was issued July 7, 1985.

==Mainboard==
The [[Mainboard 81-180|81-180 mainboard]] was used in the Kaypro 10.

Kaypro 10 (81-005)

2026-10-31T15:48:52Z

FrankRahman: /* 81-212A */

First Units?: 
April 1983 (CommuniKay, June 1983) 
May 1983 (Annual Report 1983) 
August 1983 (San Diego Union)

==Kaypro 10's Predecessor (Kaypro 5)==
The Kaypro 5 never went into production. It appears that by the time they were ready for production the cost of a 10MB hard drive was not much more than a 5MB hard drive so they went straight to the K10.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 5 photo.jpg|400px]]
|}
<blockquote>
Kaycomp Computers has unveiled a portable Z80-CP/M-based machine with a 9-in. display that incorporates a 5-1/4-in. Winchester disk drive.

The Kaypro 5 uses a 5-Mbyte Winchester from either Tandon Magnetics Corp. or Seagate Technology.

Priced at $4,485, the Kaypro 5 is a hard disk version of the Kaypro II (formerly known as the Kaycomp II), a $1,795 portable microcomputer with double-density minifloppy disk drives.
The company is currently producing 4,000 Kaypro IIs per month, Kay said.

Both units have 64K of RAM, run CP/M and include, in their purchase prices, SBasic from Topaz Programming, Profit Plan from Chang Laboratories and the Select word processing package from Select Systems. 
(Newspaper clipping, no citation)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro 5, scheduled to be available this quarter, is the same as the Kaypro II except that the Kaypro 5 includes one floppy disk and one 5.5 megabyte Winchester hard disk as storage media.
(Small Computer Systems, December 1982)

It also lists both the Kaypro II and 5 as not having Graphics
</blockquote>

==Kaypro 10==

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 side.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:K10 front.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 in office.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 10 w David Kay.jpg|400px]]
|}
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg In.jpg|400px]]

|}

[[File:K10 81-005 label.jpg|400px]]

====Manual====
May 1983 version (with updates): 
* [[Media:K10 users guide May 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users manual update Aug 1983.pdf|K10 Users Manual Update Aug 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide update Oct 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide Update Oct 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide may 83 add MUFBAR.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 83 add MUFBAR]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide addbackup.pdf|K10 users guide addbackup]]

Jan 1984 version:
[[Media:Kaypro 10 Manual.pdf|Kaypro 10 Manual]]

===K10 Pre-Release===
====Images from the Pre-Release Brochure====
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre In.jpg|400px]]
|}
This pre-release version has a hard drive with a visible cover panel and horizontal drive configuration.

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease cover image.jpg]] 
The above images also show a keyboard with a Keytronics mechanism, black numeric keypad, and KAYPRO 10 on the case. The later brochure uses a similar keyboard that uses an SMK mechanism and just KAYPRO on the keyboard case.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image2.jpg]] 
This photo was taken at the offices of Batter Kay Associates. (Confirmed with Micheal and Janice Kay Batter) Note that the calendar in the background is October. It is likely a calendar for October 1982 based on the 1st being a Friday. So it is possible that the photo was taken in that month. Which is consistent with it's announcement in November of that year.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup image of the machine shows light coming through the vent holes which is only possible if a mainboard is not installed. That along with no image on the screen makes it likely that the mainboard was not ready in time for this photo. 
What I find surprising is that they didn't try to fit a KII mainboard in so that they could display some text on the screen. 
In the later brochure for the K10 this photo is replaced by a nearly identical one that shows the "normal" drive configuration for the K10 with the newly designed graphics processor capabilities showing on the display.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Post Release Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]]
|}

Another interesting note is that the pre-release image shows the chassis resting on the keyboard like the early KIIs. The later version has the integrated kickstand to angle the system up.

====News before the release of the K10====
<blockquote>
Kaypro, the division of Non-Linear Systems that makes portable desktop computers, will introduce a 10-Mbyte hard disk at Comdex, EE Times has learned.

Marketing vice president David Kay said the 5-1/4-in. disk will be bundled in a new package, dubbed the Kaypro 10. which will sell for $2795.

Kay predicted that the 10-Mbyte Winchester will allow major graphics enhancements over the current Kaypro
II, which is bundled with eight double density floppies at a price of $1795.

The extra memory in the hard disk will accommodate graphics "somewhere between business and high-resolution quality, will allow for new enhancements like underlining, highlighting and reverse video, and will drive displays at 4 MHz," he said. 
(Electrical Enginnering Times, November 22, 1982)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Kaypro will be shipping sample copies of its new Kaypro 10 computer, with a 10-Mb Winchester disk, to its dealers. The software bundled with the computer will reside on the hard disk. This will provide a lot more storage than the floppy drives, with an additional $1000 added to the price tag. 
(Personal Computing, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The first Winchester-based portable computer priced at less than $3,000 was introduced at Comdex by the Kaypro Division of Non-Linear Systems Inc.

Dubbed the Kaypro 10, the portable contains a 10-Mbyte hard drive and runs CP/M. ... The system language is S-Basic and a Profitplan spreadsheet program is included. Software applicatins included with the Kaypro 10 are the Perfect Writer, Perfect Speller, Perfect Filler, and Perfect Calc. ...

Video features include graphics model with 160 by 100 pixels for graphs and games, inverse, blinking, underlining, and reduced intensity. ...

Provisions are made for a light pen connection. ...

Priced at $2,795, the Kaypro 10 will be available to dealers next year. 
(News Paper Clipping, but consistent with PR Tech Sheet from June 1983)
</blockquote>

Note that IBM announced the PC XT which included a Hard Drive on March 8, 1983. Compaq would wait for a 3.5 inch hard drive to be available so the Compaq Plus wasn't revealed until October 25, 1983.

===K10 Press===
<blockquote>
Since this review was completed, Non-Linear Systems has revamped its product line for 1983 with two new system configurations (the Kaypro 4 and Kaypro 10)...
The big news is the Kaypro 10, which incorporates an internal 10-megabyte hard disk as well as one double-sided, double-density, half-height floppy-disk drive (380K bytes of storage). The Kaypro 10 itself is an upgrade of the Kaypro 5, a 5-megabyte hard-disk portable shown in 1982 but never produced in quantity. The Kaypro 10, including software, will put you back only $2795. 
(Byte Magazine, September 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Within months of its birth, the Kaypro II had become a classic. It was joined in 1983 by the Kaypro 4, which sported double sided, double density disk drives for more storage, and then by the Kaypro 10, another major pathbreaker for the industry: the first-ever affordable hard disk computer for mass storage (featuring a built-in 10 megabyte hard disk), built for portability as well.

Reviewing the Kaypro 10 recently, Infoworld magazine wrote, "The Kaypro 10 is a welcome addition in today's hardware carnival--it gives consumers who want a hard-disk system the chance to buy a quality product at a good price." 
([[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]], 1983)
</blockquote>

===K10 Production Issues===
"The Kaypro 10 has been shipped in limited quantities since April (1983) and bulk shipments are soon to come." 
(CommuniKay, June 1983)

<blockquote>As of this writing (late March), 25,000 people have bought KAYPRO IIs, and NLS president Andy Kay expects to sell another 50,000 (including sales of the next computer, the KAYPRO 10) by the end of August. ...
Their KAYPRO 10 was recently unveiled and 8,000 orders are in before the first one comes off the production line. Kay expects to be turning out 10,000 KAYPRO 10s a month to match production of the Ils. "Interest is so high it looks like we'll sell more 10s than IIs," said Kay.
...
The 10 is faster than the II and has graphics capability. It comes in the same package and retails for $2,795. 
(San Diego Magazine, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Production line snarls have cut planned output of the new Kaypro 10 microcomputer by as much as 75 percent, but the company has no plans or need to retrofit products already sold, as has been rumored, said Vice President David Kay yesterday.

By this time, Solana Beach-based Kaypro expected to be producing 500 Kaypro 10 machines a day, Kay admitted yesterday, "but production is now 90 to 150 a day." The company started shipping the product in August.

Retailers are complaining of problems. "Customers have been losing data because of problems with the hard disk drive," said James Keais, technician in La Mesa's On-Line Computer Center. About 40 percent of the center's customers have had some problems with the Kaypro 10, he said. and as a result, the store warns potential customers of the problem. And it makes good on products sold: "One machine has been in here for two weeks, waiting for new hard disks," he said.

The Kaypro 10 is the first portable microcomputer using a hard disk, rather than a floppy disk - and unlike with floppies, it is not just a matter of the user putting in a new disk, explained John Rigoli, owner of the On-Line store. But Kaypro has said nothing about a retrofit operation, he said.

Kay said that overall, there has been nothing like a 40 percent failure rate: "You always get complaints about a new product," he said. But conceivably, one or a handful of retailers might get a high percentage of flawed products, he said
There has been talk in the industry that Kaypro has had to suspend production of the Kaypro 10, and that a retrofit is planned. "If we have stopped production, it's only been for half a day or so," said Kay, who added that if a major problem developed, the company would retrofit existing products, but he is aware of no such problems.

"In all electronics, there is a debugging process," he said. Каурго had a problem before with disk drives for floppies.

This problem, however, has impacted the company's financial results, he conceded. Last week, Kaypro reported that 1983 sales were $75.1 million - up impressively from 1982's $5.5 million, but less than the $100 million which had been bandied about last summer, as Kaypro was preparing for its initial stock offering. Most of that $25 million sales difference resulted from the problems with getting the Kaypro 10 production up to expectations, Kay said.

"It's a vendor problem, not a design problem," Kay said. Some of the microchips aren't up to specifications, he explained. "In a nutshell, we're not getting enough hard disks to meet our demand. IBM has the same problem" with its hard disk microcomputer, he said.

The controller board for the Kaypro 10 has been a problem, too - one related to the chips received from vendors.

"Also, there is a lot of pilot error (errors by users of the system)," he said.
"It's been a series of random problems - deviations in the batches of chips, tolerances that cause problems, problems with hard disks. We're solving them. We don't foresee a universal retrofit situation," he said.

Demand is still strong. "The problem is lack of parts, not lack of sales." said Kay. As soon as the production problems are solved, Kaypro 10 sales will be back up to expectations, he said. 
(Donald C. Bauder, Financial Editor, Newspaper Clipping, Likely from the San Diego Union)
</blockquote>

"Meanwhile, I have received a release from Microscience stating that they have an $8,000,000 order from Kaypro for half-wide 5" winchesters. The first of the 3lb drives were to be shipped September 26 with the rest of the order to be delivered over 10 months. Bill McDonald said he was quite impressed with Microscience's little drives. I guess he really was." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

"The company cited an inability to receive enough disk drives for the present $50 million inventory level. Kay said most of the problems stemmed from a shortage of Winchester drives for the Kaypro 10, but he noted that those problems have been solved with new sources. Kaypro had been buying hard disk drives exclusively from Tandon Corp. and now is additionally sourcing Winchesters from Seagate Technology and Microscience International Corp." 
(Computer System News, February 27, 1984)

<blockquote>
The only thing worse than a CMI drive is an early Tandon. We had several of the early Tandons, and they nearly shut down the Micro C editorial department, which makes them even worse than CMI drives.

Kaypro found itself in the Tandon 10 Meg replacement business right after they started using them. (An average of three replacements per system, I believe.) If you have a Tandon winchester, don't breathe on it, the heads might fall out. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Aug-Sept 1986)
</blockquote>

===Mainboard Change===
While this article states that the 4 will use the 10 board. The K4 '84 never used the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) but maybe the confusion came from the fact that it would have the upgraded graphics and used half-height drives. More research is needed as to when each board was actually switched over in production. I suspect that the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) may have been used until they got their stock low enough to just have the replacement supplies that they were targeting.

<blockquote>
The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non-Tandon half-wide drives. ...

The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won't have (at least for a while). It will have a new CTC timer and a modem built in. However, they aren't quite ready to ship the new 4. They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb 1984)
</blockquote>

===Hard Drive Support Hardware===

====81-212A====
This card allowed the mainboards to interface with the WD2002 hard drive card. It was intended to allow for other boards to interface to other drive controllers if future needs arised.

"There is a little interface board mounted on the winchester housing (under the PC board). That board can be changed so that Kaypro can use the Xebec hard disk controller card as well as the Western Digital card. Nothing like keeping your options open." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-212A.jpg]]
||
[[File:81-212A back.jpg]]
|}

====WD 2002====
[[File:WD2002.jpg]]

===K10 in production===
"There are no changes here. The Kaypro 10 still has a 10-megabyte Winchester hard disk, one 392K floppy drive, an internal 300-baud modem, and a real-time clock.

The software package for the Kaypro 10 is the same as for the Robie, plus software for backing up your hard disk onto floppy disks." 
(Profiles, Jan 1986)

===Light Pen===
"... the light pen plug on the Kaypro 10 doesn't work. When the computer was designed, Kaypro had planned to have one, but never found time to finish it." 
(Profiles, September 1986)

The [[Video Chip]] an SY6545A-1 supports the use of a light pen.

===K10 Known Errors===
If your early Kaypro 10 won't boot from the floppy drive check page 18 of the Apr 1984 Micro Cornucopia [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2017%20Apr84.pdf here].

"We have had three Kaypro lOs with this same 'status 02' error over the last six months. Each time the error occurred, the hard disk was not up to speed when the Kaypro 10 tried to read it. In all three cases the problem stemmed from the hard disk controller board. After the boards were replaced, the 'status 02' error problem was resolved." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
I also got a call from a local dealer about this problem. [System Status 02] He had contacted two of the drive manufacturers and found out that some of the drives Kaypro is using are the low current versions which start very slowly. (In fact, they often won't start at all if the head gets left somewhere other than in the safety position and is resting on the disk.)

He has found that if he lubricates the winchester's stepper arm with a little silicon spray, the head will return to the safety position between data fetches and the drive will start properly the next time the system is turned on.
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
We've been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives. The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost.

Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months. This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak, then reformatting the winchester, booting off a floppy, and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winchester.

Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak (files aren't always correct after they're restored) so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K. For larger files, you can take your chances with mufbak, or manually break the files into 390K chunks (if possible). Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak.

Editor's note, we haven't heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15. Also, SQ. COM (squeezes files) does a very good job of reducing the size of large files (USQ.COM unsqueezes them). See disk K1. 
Allyn Franklin of Drivemasters 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"If, after a few hours' work, a "System Status 02" message appears at the bottom of your K10 screen, it may be a heat-related controller board problem. The HDO Controller is supposed to run at 10 megahertz. If a "System Status 02" error message appears after a period of time, it's generally because the frequency of the controller has crept up to 12 or even 14 megahertz. A simple solution is to replace the capacitor at C18 with a more heat-resillient capacitor, one with a value of 18 picofarads and a temperature band of N1500. This will help you hold the 10 megahertz value needed for proper running. After you have replaced that capacitor, re-adjust the VCO at C19 as it says in the documentation that comes with the STU's. You will need to do a high level reformatting of the hard drive with any part replacement or repair dealing with System Status 02. During System Status 02 you are sending garbage to the hard drive, so an 02 message can come up when the garbage area of the hard drive is read." 
(Kugram, Jan-Feb 1987)

</blockquote>

===K10 marketing===
{|
|-
| This flier is from the personal collection of David Kay. It does not have dates on it but based on the product release dates and that it features the Kaypro 10 I believe it is likely for the 1983 National Computer Conference. Which was held May 16-19 in Anaheim, California. That year the Anaheim Convention Center was full of displays and the overflow was in the Disneyland Hotel. [https://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n8/188_1983_National_Computer_Co.php National Computer Convention 1983]
||
[[File:K10 Disneyland Demo.jpg|400px]]
|}

===K10 Ends Production===
"The Kaypro Corporation sends news of the passing of a couple of old friends, the Kaypro 1 and the Kaypro 10. The decision to send old No. 1 to the glue factory will sadden many CP/M followers who fondly remember 'Darth Vader's lunch bucket.'"
(New York Times, February 11, 1986)

"On February 1 they'll no longer be shipping any CP/M systems except the 2X. No 10, no 1, no Robie, no 4, just the 2X. All that, despite the fact that they were back-ordered on the 10, and the 1 wasn't doing badly either!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, April-May 1986)

===Prototype Variations on the K10===

====Climate Hardened====
"Unfortunately the climate-hardened Kaypros referred to in that article were especially manufactured for the purpose. They were Kaypro 10s without any ventilation slots in the chassis, no floppy drives, and special sealing gaskets around the communications ports and CRTs.

Without floppy drives the only way to introduce new programs and download data is through the serial ports. Only a small number of these computers were made as an experiment by Kaypro. They are not available on special order." 
(Profiles, March 1986)

====Kaypro 12X====
"There are currently only about a dozen 12X systems in existance (the Kaypro 10 with a 2.6 meg floppy drive). The engineers at Kaypro are using these 12Xs for software development (such a deal)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1984)

===Software===

[[File:K10 14 disk set Sep 83.jpg|400px]] 
14 Disk Set dated September 1983

[[File:Kaypro 10 install disks.jpg|300px]] 
A set of 8 disks used to install the standard software onto the harddrive.

===Dates===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Disk label w oct 83.jpg]]
|| Note that this disk refers to the K10 and has a date of Oct 20, 1983. Part number: 81-225-48
|}

It's FCC ID was issued July 7, 1985.

==Mainboard==
The [[Mainboard 81-180|81-180 mainboard]] was used in the Kaypro 10.

Part Number Reference

2026-10-31T15:37:53Z

FrankRahman:

This listing is always being added to:

Note that some parts have 2 numbers one is odd and the other is even, especially circuit boards. You may need to reference one up or down and use yor common sense to use this lookup table.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Part Number !! Description !! class="unsortable"|Nearest link to a reference
|-
| 81-110 || Kaypro II Motherboard (Preproduction) || [[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)]]
|-
| 81-110A || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110A|Mainboard 81-110A]]
|-
| 81-110B || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B|Mainboard 81-110B]]
|-
| 81-110B1 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B1|Mainboard 81-110B1]]
|-
| 81-110B2 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B2|Mainboard 81-110B2]]
|-
| 81-003 || Kaypro II or 2 Machine || [[Kaypro II or 2 (81-003)]]
|-
| 81-004 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-006 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-005 || Kaypro 10 Machine || [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)]]
|-
| 81-180 || Kaypro 10 Mainboard || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-014 || Kaypro 2 '84 or 2X || [[Kaypro 2 '84 (81-014)]] or [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-015 || Kaypro 4 '84 or 4X || [[Kaypro 4 '84 (81-015)]] or [[Kaypro 4X]]
|-
| 81-025 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-033 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-031 || Kaypro New 2 || [[Kaypro New 2]]
|-
| 81-012 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-013 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-021 || Kaypro 1 || [[Kaypro 1 (81-021)]]
|-
| 81-045-02 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-045-05 || Kaypro PC || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-486 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP Processor BIOS || [[Kaypro PC#BIOS_ROMS]]
|-
| 81-916 || Kaypro PC Multicard || [[Kaypro PC#81-916_Multicard]]
|-
| 81-1184 || Kaypro PC Processor Board || [[Kaypro PC#Cards]]
|-
| 81-512 || Kaypro 16 Processor Card Kaypro EXP Processor Board || [[Kaypro 16]] [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-225-428 || Kaypro PC Disk 1 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-429 || Kaypro PC Disk 2 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-430 || Kaypro PC Disk 3 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-431 || Kaypro PC Disk 4 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-432 || Kaypro PC Disk 5 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-433 || Kaypro PC Disk 6 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-485 || Kaypro PC Disk 7 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-486 || Kaypro PC Disk 8 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-487 || Kaypro PC Disk 9 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-1208 || Kaypro EXP Memory Unit || [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-029 || Kaypro 16 2|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-039 || Kaypro 16 2E|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-030 || Kaypro 16|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-040 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 1) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-043 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 2) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-710 || Kaypro 2000 Motherboard || [[Kaypro 2000#Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-041 || Kaypro 2000 Base Unit || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Base_Unit]]
|-
| 81-790 || Kaypro 2000 MultiAdapter || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Multi_Adapter]]
|-
| 81-707-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-709 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (2 brick) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-737-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (AC and DC input) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-050 || Kaypro 2000+ || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-1190-1 || Kaypro 2000+ Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-036 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-037 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-074 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-622 || Kaypro 286i Serial and Parallel Port Card || [[Kaypro 286i#417311]]
|-
| 81-621 || Kaypro 286i Motherboard || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-690A || Kaypro 286i Motherboard U118 || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-1524 || Kaypro 286i BIOS? || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-068 || Kaypro 286 || [[Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-1342 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1590 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-077 || Kaypro Micro 1 || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1710 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1711 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1588 || Kaypro Micro 1 Mainboard || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-240 || Kaypro II/2/4 Mainboard || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-232 || Kaypro II/2/4 Monitor ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-146 || Kaypro II/2/4 CHAR ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-184 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-470 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-149 || Kaypro II Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-292 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-478 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-235 || Kaypro 10 & Universal Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-278 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM ||
|-
| 81-188 || Kaypro 10 Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-187 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-302 || Kaypro K10 & Universal Monitor ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-691 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-692) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-692 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-691) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-467 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-516) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-516 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-514 || Kaypro 16 Floppy-RAM-IO Card (Multi-card)|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-510 || Kaypro 16 Main Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-814 || Kaypro 16 Multi-video Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-597 || Kaypro 16 Main Board (aka 81-510) || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-812 || Kaypro 16 Extension to the Video Driver Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-1598 || Kaypro 286 BIOS || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-820 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-814) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-914 || Kaypro PC/EXP/XL/286 Bus Board || [[Kaypro_286#Upgrading_a_Kaypro_PC_to_a_Kaypro_286|Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-212 || Kaypro 10 HD adapter card ||
[[Kaypro_10_(81-005)#81-212A]]

|}

Kaypro 10 (81-005)

2026-10-31T10:36:39Z

FrankRahman: /* Mainboard Change */

First Units?: 
April 1983 (CommuniKay, June 1983) 
May 1983 (Annual Report 1983) 
August 1983 (San Diego Union)

==Kaypro 10's Predecessor (Kaypro 5)==
The Kaypro 5 never went into production. It appears that by the time they were ready for production the cost of a 10MB hard drive was not much more than a 5MB hard drive so they went straight to the K10.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 5 photo.jpg|400px]]
|}
<blockquote>
Kaycomp Computers has unveiled a portable Z80-CP/M-based machine with a 9-in. display that incorporates a 5-1/4-in. Winchester disk drive.

The Kaypro 5 uses a 5-Mbyte Winchester from either Tandon Magnetics Corp. or Seagate Technology.

Priced at $4,485, the Kaypro 5 is a hard disk version of the Kaypro II (formerly known as the Kaycomp II), a $1,795 portable microcomputer with double-density minifloppy disk drives.
The company is currently producing 4,000 Kaypro IIs per month, Kay said.

Both units have 64K of RAM, run CP/M and include, in their purchase prices, SBasic from Topaz Programming, Profit Plan from Chang Laboratories and the Select word processing package from Select Systems. 
(Newspaper clipping, no citation)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro 5, scheduled to be available this quarter, is the same as the Kaypro II except that the Kaypro 5 includes one floppy disk and one 5.5 megabyte Winchester hard disk as storage media.
(Small Computer Systems, December 1982)

It also lists both the Kaypro II and 5 as not having Graphics
</blockquote>

==Kaypro 10==

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 side.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:K10 front.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 in office.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 10 w David Kay.jpg|400px]]
|}
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg In.jpg|400px]]

|}

[[File:K10 81-005 label.jpg|400px]]

====Manual====
May 1983 version (with updates): 
* [[Media:K10 users guide May 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users manual update Aug 1983.pdf|K10 Users Manual Update Aug 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide update Oct 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide Update Oct 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide may 83 add MUFBAR.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 83 add MUFBAR]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide addbackup.pdf|K10 users guide addbackup]]

Jan 1984 version:
[[Media:Kaypro 10 Manual.pdf|Kaypro 10 Manual]]

===K10 Pre-Release===
====Images from the Pre-Release Brochure====
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre In.jpg|400px]]
|}
This pre-release version has a hard drive with a visible cover panel and horizontal drive configuration.

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease cover image.jpg]] 
The above images also show a keyboard with a Keytronics mechanism, black numeric keypad, and KAYPRO 10 on the case. The later brochure uses a similar keyboard that uses an SMK mechanism and just KAYPRO on the keyboard case.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image2.jpg]] 
This photo was taken at the offices of Batter Kay Associates. (Confirmed with Micheal and Janice Kay Batter) Note that the calendar in the background is October. It is likely a calendar for October 1982 based on the 1st being a Friday. So it is possible that the photo was taken in that month. Which is consistent with it's announcement in November of that year.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup image of the machine shows light coming through the vent holes which is only possible if a mainboard is not installed. That along with no image on the screen makes it likely that the mainboard was not ready in time for this photo. 
What I find surprising is that they didn't try to fit a KII mainboard in so that they could display some text on the screen. 
In the later brochure for the K10 this photo is replaced by a nearly identical one that shows the "normal" drive configuration for the K10 with the newly designed graphics processor capabilities showing on the display.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Post Release Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]]
|}

Another interesting note is that the pre-release image shows the chassis resting on the keyboard like the early KIIs. The later version has the integrated kickstand to angle the system up.

====News before the release of the K10====
<blockquote>
Kaypro, the division of Non-Linear Systems that makes portable desktop computers, will introduce a 10-Mbyte hard disk at Comdex, EE Times has learned.

Marketing vice president David Kay said the 5-1/4-in. disk will be bundled in a new package, dubbed the Kaypro 10. which will sell for $2795.

Kay predicted that the 10-Mbyte Winchester will allow major graphics enhancements over the current Kaypro
II, which is bundled with eight double density floppies at a price of $1795.

The extra memory in the hard disk will accommodate graphics "somewhere between business and high-resolution quality, will allow for new enhancements like underlining, highlighting and reverse video, and will drive displays at 4 MHz," he said. 
(Electrical Enginnering Times, November 22, 1982)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Kaypro will be shipping sample copies of its new Kaypro 10 computer, with a 10-Mb Winchester disk, to its dealers. The software bundled with the computer will reside on the hard disk. This will provide a lot more storage than the floppy drives, with an additional $1000 added to the price tag. 
(Personal Computing, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The first Winchester-based portable computer priced at less than $3,000 was introduced at Comdex by the Kaypro Division of Non-Linear Systems Inc.

Dubbed the Kaypro 10, the portable contains a 10-Mbyte hard drive and runs CP/M. ... The system language is S-Basic and a Profitplan spreadsheet program is included. Software applicatins included with the Kaypro 10 are the Perfect Writer, Perfect Speller, Perfect Filler, and Perfect Calc. ...

Video features include graphics model with 160 by 100 pixels for graphs and games, inverse, blinking, underlining, and reduced intensity. ...

Provisions are made for a light pen connection. ...

Priced at $2,795, the Kaypro 10 will be available to dealers next year. 
(News Paper Clipping, but consistent with PR Tech Sheet from June 1983)
</blockquote>

Note that IBM announced the PC XT which included a Hard Drive on March 8, 1983. Compaq would wait for a 3.5 inch hard drive to be available so the Compaq Plus wasn't revealed until October 25, 1983.

===K10 Press===
<blockquote>
Since this review was completed, Non-Linear Systems has revamped its product line for 1983 with two new system configurations (the Kaypro 4 and Kaypro 10)...
The big news is the Kaypro 10, which incorporates an internal 10-megabyte hard disk as well as one double-sided, double-density, half-height floppy-disk drive (380K bytes of storage). The Kaypro 10 itself is an upgrade of the Kaypro 5, a 5-megabyte hard-disk portable shown in 1982 but never produced in quantity. The Kaypro 10, including software, will put you back only $2795. 
(Byte Magazine, September 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Within months of its birth, the Kaypro II had become a classic. It was joined in 1983 by the Kaypro 4, which sported double sided, double density disk drives for more storage, and then by the Kaypro 10, another major pathbreaker for the industry: the first-ever affordable hard disk computer for mass storage (featuring a built-in 10 megabyte hard disk), built for portability as well.

Reviewing the Kaypro 10 recently, Infoworld magazine wrote, "The Kaypro 10 is a welcome addition in today's hardware carnival--it gives consumers who want a hard-disk system the chance to buy a quality product at a good price." 
([[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]], 1983)
</blockquote>

===K10 Production Issues===
"The Kaypro 10 has been shipped in limited quantities since April (1983) and bulk shipments are soon to come." 
(CommuniKay, June 1983)

<blockquote>As of this writing (late March), 25,000 people have bought KAYPRO IIs, and NLS president Andy Kay expects to sell another 50,000 (including sales of the next computer, the KAYPRO 10) by the end of August. ...
Their KAYPRO 10 was recently unveiled and 8,000 orders are in before the first one comes off the production line. Kay expects to be turning out 10,000 KAYPRO 10s a month to match production of the Ils. "Interest is so high it looks like we'll sell more 10s than IIs," said Kay.
...
The 10 is faster than the II and has graphics capability. It comes in the same package and retails for $2,795. 
(San Diego Magazine, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Production line snarls have cut planned output of the new Kaypro 10 microcomputer by as much as 75 percent, but the company has no plans or need to retrofit products already sold, as has been rumored, said Vice President David Kay yesterday.

By this time, Solana Beach-based Kaypro expected to be producing 500 Kaypro 10 machines a day, Kay admitted yesterday, "but production is now 90 to 150 a day." The company started shipping the product in August.

Retailers are complaining of problems. "Customers have been losing data because of problems with the hard disk drive," said James Keais, technician in La Mesa's On-Line Computer Center. About 40 percent of the center's customers have had some problems with the Kaypro 10, he said. and as a result, the store warns potential customers of the problem. And it makes good on products sold: "One machine has been in here for two weeks, waiting for new hard disks," he said.

The Kaypro 10 is the first portable microcomputer using a hard disk, rather than a floppy disk - and unlike with floppies, it is not just a matter of the user putting in a new disk, explained John Rigoli, owner of the On-Line store. But Kaypro has said nothing about a retrofit operation, he said.

Kay said that overall, there has been nothing like a 40 percent failure rate: "You always get complaints about a new product," he said. But conceivably, one or a handful of retailers might get a high percentage of flawed products, he said
There has been talk in the industry that Kaypro has had to suspend production of the Kaypro 10, and that a retrofit is planned. "If we have stopped production, it's only been for half a day or so," said Kay, who added that if a major problem developed, the company would retrofit existing products, but he is aware of no such problems.

"In all electronics, there is a debugging process," he said. Каурго had a problem before with disk drives for floppies.

This problem, however, has impacted the company's financial results, he conceded. Last week, Kaypro reported that 1983 sales were $75.1 million - up impressively from 1982's $5.5 million, but less than the $100 million which had been bandied about last summer, as Kaypro was preparing for its initial stock offering. Most of that $25 million sales difference resulted from the problems with getting the Kaypro 10 production up to expectations, Kay said.

"It's a vendor problem, not a design problem," Kay said. Some of the microchips aren't up to specifications, he explained. "In a nutshell, we're not getting enough hard disks to meet our demand. IBM has the same problem" with its hard disk microcomputer, he said.

The controller board for the Kaypro 10 has been a problem, too - one related to the chips received from vendors.

"Also, there is a lot of pilot error (errors by users of the system)," he said.
"It's been a series of random problems - deviations in the batches of chips, tolerances that cause problems, problems with hard disks. We're solving them. We don't foresee a universal retrofit situation," he said.

Demand is still strong. "The problem is lack of parts, not lack of sales." said Kay. As soon as the production problems are solved, Kaypro 10 sales will be back up to expectations, he said. 
(Donald C. Bauder, Financial Editor, Newspaper Clipping, Likely from the San Diego Union)
</blockquote>

"Meanwhile, I have received a release from Microscience stating that they have an $8,000,000 order from Kaypro for half-wide 5" winchesters. The first of the 3lb drives were to be shipped September 26 with the rest of the order to be delivered over 10 months. Bill McDonald said he was quite impressed with Microscience's little drives. I guess he really was." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

"The company cited an inability to receive enough disk drives for the present $50 million inventory level. Kay said most of the problems stemmed from a shortage of Winchester drives for the Kaypro 10, but he noted that those problems have been solved with new sources. Kaypro had been buying hard disk drives exclusively from Tandon Corp. and now is additionally sourcing Winchesters from Seagate Technology and Microscience International Corp." 
(Computer System News, February 27, 1984)

<blockquote>
The only thing worse than a CMI drive is an early Tandon. We had several of the early Tandons, and they nearly shut down the Micro C editorial department, which makes them even worse than CMI drives.

Kaypro found itself in the Tandon 10 Meg replacement business right after they started using them. (An average of three replacements per system, I believe.) If you have a Tandon winchester, don't breathe on it, the heads might fall out. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Aug-Sept 1986)
</blockquote>

===Mainboard Change===
While this article states that the 4 will use the 10 board. The K4 '84 never used the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) but maybe the confusion came from the fact that it would have the upgraded graphics and used half-height drives. More research is needed as to when each board was actually switched over in production. I suspect that the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) may have been used until they got their stock low enough to just have the replacement supplies that they were targeting.

<blockquote>
The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non-Tandon half-wide drives. ...

The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won't have (at least for a while). It will have a new CTC timer and a modem built in. However, they aren't quite ready to ship the new 4. They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb 1984)
</blockquote>

===Hard Drive Support Hardware===

====81-212A====
{|
|-
|
[[File:81-212A.jpg]]
||
[[File:81-212A back.jpg]]
|}

====WD 2002====
[[File:WD2002.jpg]]

===K10 in production===
"There are no changes here. The Kaypro 10 still has a 10-megabyte Winchester hard disk, one 392K floppy drive, an internal 300-baud modem, and a real-time clock.

The software package for the Kaypro 10 is the same as for the Robie, plus software for backing up your hard disk onto floppy disks." 
(Profiles, Jan 1986)

===Light Pen===
"... the light pen plug on the Kaypro 10 doesn't work. When the computer was designed, Kaypro had planned to have one, but never found time to finish it." 
(Profiles, September 1986)

The [[Video Chip]] an SY6545A-1 supports the use of a light pen.

===K10 Known Errors===
If your early Kaypro 10 won't boot from the floppy drive check page 18 of the Apr 1984 Micro Cornucopia [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2017%20Apr84.pdf here].

"We have had three Kaypro lOs with this same 'status 02' error over the last six months. Each time the error occurred, the hard disk was not up to speed when the Kaypro 10 tried to read it. In all three cases the problem stemmed from the hard disk controller board. After the boards were replaced, the 'status 02' error problem was resolved." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
I also got a call from a local dealer about this problem. [System Status 02] He had contacted two of the drive manufacturers and found out that some of the drives Kaypro is using are the low current versions which start very slowly. (In fact, they often won't start at all if the head gets left somewhere other than in the safety position and is resting on the disk.)

He has found that if he lubricates the winchester's stepper arm with a little silicon spray, the head will return to the safety position between data fetches and the drive will start properly the next time the system is turned on.
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
We've been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives. The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost.

Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months. This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak, then reformatting the winchester, booting off a floppy, and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winchester.

Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak (files aren't always correct after they're restored) so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K. For larger files, you can take your chances with mufbak, or manually break the files into 390K chunks (if possible). Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak.

Editor's note, we haven't heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15. Also, SQ. COM (squeezes files) does a very good job of reducing the size of large files (USQ.COM unsqueezes them). See disk K1. 
Allyn Franklin of Drivemasters 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"If, after a few hours' work, a "System Status 02" message appears at the bottom of your K10 screen, it may be a heat-related controller board problem. The HDO Controller is supposed to run at 10 megahertz. If a "System Status 02" error message appears after a period of time, it's generally because the frequency of the controller has crept up to 12 or even 14 megahertz. A simple solution is to replace the capacitor at C18 with a more heat-resillient capacitor, one with a value of 18 picofarads and a temperature band of N1500. This will help you hold the 10 megahertz value needed for proper running. After you have replaced that capacitor, re-adjust the VCO at C19 as it says in the documentation that comes with the STU's. You will need to do a high level reformatting of the hard drive with any part replacement or repair dealing with System Status 02. During System Status 02 you are sending garbage to the hard drive, so an 02 message can come up when the garbage area of the hard drive is read." 
(Kugram, Jan-Feb 1987)

</blockquote>

===K10 marketing===
{|
|-
| This flier is from the personal collection of David Kay. It does not have dates on it but based on the product release dates and that it features the Kaypro 10 I believe it is likely for the 1983 National Computer Conference. Which was held May 16-19 in Anaheim, California. That year the Anaheim Convention Center was full of displays and the overflow was in the Disneyland Hotel. [https://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n8/188_1983_National_Computer_Co.php National Computer Convention 1983]
||
[[File:K10 Disneyland Demo.jpg|400px]]
|}

===K10 Ends Production===
"The Kaypro Corporation sends news of the passing of a couple of old friends, the Kaypro 1 and the Kaypro 10. The decision to send old No. 1 to the glue factory will sadden many CP/M followers who fondly remember 'Darth Vader's lunch bucket.'"
(New York Times, February 11, 1986)

"On February 1 they'll no longer be shipping any CP/M systems except the 2X. No 10, no 1, no Robie, no 4, just the 2X. All that, despite the fact that they were back-ordered on the 10, and the 1 wasn't doing badly either!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, April-May 1986)

===Prototype Variations on the K10===

====Climate Hardened====
"Unfortunately the climate-hardened Kaypros referred to in that article were especially manufactured for the purpose. They were Kaypro 10s without any ventilation slots in the chassis, no floppy drives, and special sealing gaskets around the communications ports and CRTs.

Without floppy drives the only way to introduce new programs and download data is through the serial ports. Only a small number of these computers were made as an experiment by Kaypro. They are not available on special order." 
(Profiles, March 1986)

====Kaypro 12X====
"There are currently only about a dozen 12X systems in existance (the Kaypro 10 with a 2.6 meg floppy drive). The engineers at Kaypro are using these 12Xs for software development (such a deal)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1984)

===Software===

[[File:K10 14 disk set Sep 83.jpg|400px]] 
14 Disk Set dated September 1983

[[File:Kaypro 10 install disks.jpg|300px]] 
A set of 8 disks used to install the standard software onto the harddrive.

===Dates===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Disk label w oct 83.jpg]]
|| Note that this disk refers to the K10 and has a date of Oct 20, 1983. Part number: 81-225-48
|}

It's FCC ID was issued July 7, 1985.

==Mainboard==
The [[Mainboard 81-180|81-180 mainboard]] was used in the Kaypro 10.

File:WD2002.jpg

2026-10-31T10:36:18Z

FrankRahman:

WD2002

File:81-212A back.jpg

2026-10-31T10:35:15Z

FrankRahman:

81-212A back

File:81-212A.jpg

2026-10-31T10:34:39Z

FrankRahman:

81-212A

Mainboard 81-180

2026-10-30T16:57:55Z

FrankRahman: /* C1 Machines */

The 81-180 mainboard is used on the [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)|Kaypro 10 '83]].

==81-180 B==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 B back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B label.jpg]]
||
|}

=== B ROMs===
Monitor ROM [[Media:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin| No Label]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

==81-180 C1==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 C1 back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1 label.jpg]]
||
|}

=== C1 ROMs===

Monitor ROM [[Media:81-302.bin|81-302]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-235.bin|81-235]] & [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

===C1 Machines===
79763 - MBN 15062 
Loose - MBN ?420 (Sticker may be covering)

==Some changes between 81-180 B and C1==
The most significant changes between the boards includes:
* The movement of U72 from the middle bottom of the board to the right bottom
* U7 goes from being empty to unlabeled

Mainboard 81-180

2026-10-30T16:57:27Z

FrankRahman: /* 81-180 C1 */

The 81-180 mainboard is used on the [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)|Kaypro 10 '83]].

==81-180 B==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 B back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B label.jpg]]
||
|}

=== B ROMs===
Monitor ROM [[Media:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin| No Label]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

==81-180 C1==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 C1 back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1 label.jpg]]
||
|}

=== C1 ROMs===

Monitor ROM [[Media:81-302.bin|81-302]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-235.bin|81-235]] & [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

===C1 Machines===
79763 - MBN 15062
Loose - MBN ?420 (Sticker may be covering)

==Some changes between 81-180 B and C1==
The most significant changes between the boards includes:
* The movement of U72 from the middle bottom of the board to the right bottom
* U7 goes from being empty to unlabeled

Mainboard 81-180

2026-10-30T16:54:27Z

FrankRahman:

The 81-180 mainboard is used on the [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)|Kaypro 10 '83]].

==81-180 B==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 B back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B label.jpg]]
||
|}

=== B ROMs===
Monitor ROM [[Media:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin| No Label]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

==81-180 C1==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 C1 back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1 label.jpg]]
||
|}

=== C ROMs===

Monitor ROM [[Media:81-302.bin|81-302]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-235.bin|81-235]] & [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

==Some changes between 81-180 B and C1==
The most significant changes between the boards includes:
* The movement of U72 from the middle bottom of the board to the right bottom
* U7 goes from being empty to unlabeled

Part Number Reference

2026-10-30T16:24:43Z

FrankRahman:

This listing is always being added to:

Note that some parts have 2 numbers one is odd and the other is even, especially circuit boards. You may need to reference one up or down and use yor common sense to use this lookup table.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Part Number !! Description !! class="unsortable"|Nearest link to a reference
|-
| 81-110 || Kaypro II Motherboard (Preproduction) || [[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)]]
|-
| 81-110A || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110A|Mainboard 81-110A]]
|-
| 81-110B || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B|Mainboard 81-110B]]
|-
| 81-110B1 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B1|Mainboard 81-110B1]]
|-
| 81-110B2 || Kaypro II Motherboard || [[Mainboard 81-110#81-110B2|Mainboard 81-110B2]]
|-
| 81-003 || Kaypro II or 2 Machine || [[Kaypro II or 2 (81-003)]]
|-
| 81-004 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-006 || Kaypro 4 '83 Machine || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]
|-
| 81-005 || Kaypro 10 Machine || [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)]]
|-
| 81-180 || Kaypro 10 Mainboard || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-014 || Kaypro 2 '84 or 2X || [[Kaypro 2 '84 (81-014)]] or [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-015 || Kaypro 4 '84 or 4X || [[Kaypro 4 '84 (81-015)]] or [[Kaypro 4X]]
|-
| 81-025 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-033 || Kaypro 2X || [[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]
|-
| 81-031 || Kaypro New 2 || [[Kaypro New 2]]
|-
| 81-012 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-013 || Kaypro Robie || [[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]
|-
| 81-021 || Kaypro 1 || [[Kaypro 1 (81-021)]]
|-
| 81-045-02 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-045-05 || Kaypro PC || [[Kaypro PC]]
|-
| 81-486 || Kaypro PC/XL/EXP Processor BIOS || [[Kaypro PC#BIOS_ROMS]]
|-
| 81-916 || Kaypro PC Multicard || [[Kaypro PC#81-916_Multicard]]
|-
| 81-1184 || Kaypro PC Processor Board || [[Kaypro PC#Cards]]
|-
| 81-512 || Kaypro 16 Processor Card Kaypro EXP Processor Board || [[Kaypro 16]] [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-225-428 || Kaypro PC Disk 1 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-429 || Kaypro PC Disk 2 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-430 || Kaypro PC Disk 3 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-431 || Kaypro PC Disk 4 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-432 || Kaypro PC Disk 5 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-433 || Kaypro PC Disk 6 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-485 || Kaypro PC Disk 7 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-486 || Kaypro PC Disk 8 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-225-487 || Kaypro PC Disk 9 || [[Kaypro PC#Disks]]
|-
| 81-1208 || Kaypro EXP Memory Unit || [[Kaypro PC#Cards_2]]
|-
| 81-029 || Kaypro 16 2|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-039 || Kaypro 16 2E|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-030 || Kaypro 16|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-040 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 1) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-043 || Kaypro 2000 (Version 2) || [[Kaypro 2000]]
|-
| 81-710 || Kaypro 2000 Motherboard || [[Kaypro 2000#Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-041 || Kaypro 2000 Base Unit || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Base_Unit]]
|-
| 81-790 || Kaypro 2000 MultiAdapter || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Multi_Adapter]]
|-
| 81-707-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-709 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (2 brick) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-737-1 || Kaypro 2000 Power Supply (AC and DC input) || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000_Power_Supplies]]
|-
| 81-050 || Kaypro 2000+ || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-1190-1 || Kaypro 2000+ Power Supply || [[Kaypro 2000+]]
|-
| 81-036 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-037 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-074 || Kaypro 286i || [[Kaypro 286i]]
|-
| 81-622 || Kaypro 286i Serial and Parallel Port Card || [[Kaypro 286i#417311]]
|-
| 81-621 || Kaypro 286i Motherboard || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-690A || Kaypro 286i Motherboard U118 || [[Kaypro 286i#286i_Motherboard]]
|-
| 81-1524 || Kaypro 286i BIOS? || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-068 || Kaypro 286 || [[Kaypro 286]]
|-
| 81-1342 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-1590 || Kaypro 286 CPU Board || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-077 || Kaypro Micro 1 || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1710 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1711 || Kaypro Micro 1 ROM|| [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-1588 || Kaypro Micro 1 Mainboard || [[Kaypro Micro 1]]
|-
| 81-240 || Kaypro II/2/4 Mainboard || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-232 || Kaypro II/2/4 Monitor ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-146 || Kaypro II/2/4 CHAR ROM || [[81-240]]
|-
| 81-184 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-470 || Kaypro Universal Mainboard ||
|-
| 81-149 || Kaypro II Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-292 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-478 || Kaypro Universal Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-235 || Kaypro 10 & Universal Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-278 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM ||
|-
| 81-188 || Kaypro 10 Monitor ROM ||
|-
| 81-187 || Kaypro 10 Char ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]]
|-
| 81-302 || Kaypro K10 & Universal Monitor ROM || [[Mainboard_81-180]] & Universal
|-
| 81-691 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-692) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-692 || Kaypro 286i BIOS (paired with 81-691) || [[Kaypro 286i#ROMS]]
|-
| 81-467 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-516) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-516 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-514 || Kaypro 16 Floppy-RAM-IO Card (Multi-card)|| [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-510 || Kaypro 16 Main Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-814 || Kaypro 16 Multi-video Card || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-597 || Kaypro 16 Main Board (aka 81-510) || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-812 || Kaypro 16 Extension to the Video Driver Board || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-1598 || Kaypro 286 BIOS || [[Kaypro 286#CPU_boards]]
|-
| 81-820 || Kaypro 16 Color Graphics (81-814) EPROM || [[Kaypro 16]]
|-
| 81-914 || Kaypro PC/EXP/XL/286 Bus Board || [[Kaypro_286#Upgrading_a_Kaypro_PC_to_a_Kaypro_286|Kaypro 286]]

|}

Kaypro 10 (81-005)

2026-10-30T16:16:38Z

FrankRahman: /* Dates */

First Units?: 
April 1983 (CommuniKay, June 1983) 
May 1983 (Annual Report 1983) 
August 1983 (San Diego Union)

==Kaypro 10's Predecessor (Kaypro 5)==
The Kaypro 5 never went into production. It appears that by the time they were ready for production the cost of a 10MB hard drive was not much more than a 5MB hard drive so they went straight to the K10.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 5 photo.jpg|400px]]
|}
<blockquote>
Kaycomp Computers has unveiled a portable Z80-CP/M-based machine with a 9-in. display that incorporates a 5-1/4-in. Winchester disk drive.

The Kaypro 5 uses a 5-Mbyte Winchester from either Tandon Magnetics Corp. or Seagate Technology.

Priced at $4,485, the Kaypro 5 is a hard disk version of the Kaypro II (formerly known as the Kaycomp II), a $1,795 portable microcomputer with double-density minifloppy disk drives.
The company is currently producing 4,000 Kaypro IIs per month, Kay said.

Both units have 64K of RAM, run CP/M and include, in their purchase prices, SBasic from Topaz Programming, Profit Plan from Chang Laboratories and the Select word processing package from Select Systems. 
(Newspaper clipping, no citation)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro 5, scheduled to be available this quarter, is the same as the Kaypro II except that the Kaypro 5 includes one floppy disk and one 5.5 megabyte Winchester hard disk as storage media.
(Small Computer Systems, December 1982)

It also lists both the Kaypro II and 5 as not having Graphics
</blockquote>

==Kaypro 10==

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 side.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:K10 front.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 in office.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 10 w David Kay.jpg|400px]]
|}
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg In.jpg|400px]]

|}

[[File:K10 81-005 label.jpg|400px]]

====Manual====
May 1983 version (with updates): 
* [[Media:K10 users guide May 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users manual update Aug 1983.pdf|K10 Users Manual Update Aug 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide update Oct 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide Update Oct 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide may 83 add MUFBAR.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 83 add MUFBAR]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide addbackup.pdf|K10 users guide addbackup]]

Jan 1984 version:
[[Media:Kaypro 10 Manual.pdf|Kaypro 10 Manual]]

===K10 Pre-Release===
====Images from the Pre-Release Brochure====
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre In.jpg|400px]]
|}
This pre-release version has a hard drive with a visible cover panel and horizontal drive configuration.

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease cover image.jpg]] 
The above images also show a keyboard with a Keytronics mechanism, black numeric keypad, and KAYPRO 10 on the case. The later brochure uses a similar keyboard that uses an SMK mechanism and just KAYPRO on the keyboard case.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image2.jpg]] 
This photo was taken at the offices of Batter Kay Associates. (Confirmed with Micheal and Janice Kay Batter) Note that the calendar in the background is October. It is likely a calendar for October 1982 based on the 1st being a Friday. So it is possible that the photo was taken in that month. Which is consistent with it's announcement in November of that year.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup image of the machine shows light coming through the vent holes which is only possible if a mainboard is not installed. That along with no image on the screen makes it likely that the mainboard was not ready in time for this photo. 
What I find surprising is that they didn't try to fit a KII mainboard in so that they could display some text on the screen. 
In the later brochure for the K10 this photo is replaced by a nearly identical one that shows the "normal" drive configuration for the K10 with the newly designed graphics processor capabilities showing on the display.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Post Release Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]]
|}

Another interesting note is that the pre-release image shows the chassis resting on the keyboard like the early KIIs. The later version has the integrated kickstand to angle the system up.

====News before the release of the K10====
<blockquote>
Kaypro, the division of Non-Linear Systems that makes portable desktop computers, will introduce a 10-Mbyte hard disk at Comdex, EE Times has learned.

Marketing vice president David Kay said the 5-1/4-in. disk will be bundled in a new package, dubbed the Kaypro 10. which will sell for $2795.

Kay predicted that the 10-Mbyte Winchester will allow major graphics enhancements over the current Kaypro
II, which is bundled with eight double density floppies at a price of $1795.

The extra memory in the hard disk will accommodate graphics "somewhere between business and high-resolution quality, will allow for new enhancements like underlining, highlighting and reverse video, and will drive displays at 4 MHz," he said. 
(Electrical Enginnering Times, November 22, 1982)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Kaypro will be shipping sample copies of its new Kaypro 10 computer, with a 10-Mb Winchester disk, to its dealers. The software bundled with the computer will reside on the hard disk. This will provide a lot more storage than the floppy drives, with an additional $1000 added to the price tag. 
(Personal Computing, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The first Winchester-based portable computer priced at less than $3,000 was introduced at Comdex by the Kaypro Division of Non-Linear Systems Inc.

Dubbed the Kaypro 10, the portable contains a 10-Mbyte hard drive and runs CP/M. ... The system language is S-Basic and a Profitplan spreadsheet program is included. Software applicatins included with the Kaypro 10 are the Perfect Writer, Perfect Speller, Perfect Filler, and Perfect Calc. ...

Video features include graphics model with 160 by 100 pixels for graphs and games, inverse, blinking, underlining, and reduced intensity. ...

Provisions are made for a light pen connection. ...

Priced at $2,795, the Kaypro 10 will be available to dealers next year. 
(News Paper Clipping, but consistent with PR Tech Sheet from June 1983)
</blockquote>

Note that IBM announced the PC XT which included a Hard Drive on March 8, 1983. Compaq would wait for a 3.5 inch hard drive to be available so the Compaq Plus wasn't revealed until October 25, 1983.

===K10 Press===
<blockquote>
Since this review was completed, Non-Linear Systems has revamped its product line for 1983 with two new system configurations (the Kaypro 4 and Kaypro 10)...
The big news is the Kaypro 10, which incorporates an internal 10-megabyte hard disk as well as one double-sided, double-density, half-height floppy-disk drive (380K bytes of storage). The Kaypro 10 itself is an upgrade of the Kaypro 5, a 5-megabyte hard-disk portable shown in 1982 but never produced in quantity. The Kaypro 10, including software, will put you back only $2795. 
(Byte Magazine, September 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Within months of its birth, the Kaypro II had become a classic. It was joined in 1983 by the Kaypro 4, which sported double sided, double density disk drives for more storage, and then by the Kaypro 10, another major pathbreaker for the industry: the first-ever affordable hard disk computer for mass storage (featuring a built-in 10 megabyte hard disk), built for portability as well.

Reviewing the Kaypro 10 recently, Infoworld magazine wrote, "The Kaypro 10 is a welcome addition in today's hardware carnival--it gives consumers who want a hard-disk system the chance to buy a quality product at a good price." 
([[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]], 1983)
</blockquote>

===K10 Production Issues===
"The Kaypro 10 has been shipped in limited quantities since April (1983) and bulk shipments are soon to come." 
(CommuniKay, June 1983)

<blockquote>As of this writing (late March), 25,000 people have bought KAYPRO IIs, and NLS president Andy Kay expects to sell another 50,000 (including sales of the next computer, the KAYPRO 10) by the end of August. ...
Their KAYPRO 10 was recently unveiled and 8,000 orders are in before the first one comes off the production line. Kay expects to be turning out 10,000 KAYPRO 10s a month to match production of the Ils. "Interest is so high it looks like we'll sell more 10s than IIs," said Kay.
...
The 10 is faster than the II and has graphics capability. It comes in the same package and retails for $2,795. 
(San Diego Magazine, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Production line snarls have cut planned output of the new Kaypro 10 microcomputer by as much as 75 percent, but the company has no plans or need to retrofit products already sold, as has been rumored, said Vice President David Kay yesterday.

By this time, Solana Beach-based Kaypro expected to be producing 500 Kaypro 10 machines a day, Kay admitted yesterday, "but production is now 90 to 150 a day." The company started shipping the product in August.

Retailers are complaining of problems. "Customers have been losing data because of problems with the hard disk drive," said James Keais, technician in La Mesa's On-Line Computer Center. About 40 percent of the center's customers have had some problems with the Kaypro 10, he said. and as a result, the store warns potential customers of the problem. And it makes good on products sold: "One machine has been in here for two weeks, waiting for new hard disks," he said.

The Kaypro 10 is the first portable microcomputer using a hard disk, rather than a floppy disk - and unlike with floppies, it is not just a matter of the user putting in a new disk, explained John Rigoli, owner of the On-Line store. But Kaypro has said nothing about a retrofit operation, he said.

Kay said that overall, there has been nothing like a 40 percent failure rate: "You always get complaints about a new product," he said. But conceivably, one or a handful of retailers might get a high percentage of flawed products, he said
There has been talk in the industry that Kaypro has had to suspend production of the Kaypro 10, and that a retrofit is planned. "If we have stopped production, it's only been for half a day or so," said Kay, who added that if a major problem developed, the company would retrofit existing products, but he is aware of no such problems.

"In all electronics, there is a debugging process," he said. Каурго had a problem before with disk drives for floppies.

This problem, however, has impacted the company's financial results, he conceded. Last week, Kaypro reported that 1983 sales were $75.1 million - up impressively from 1982's $5.5 million, but less than the $100 million which had been bandied about last summer, as Kaypro was preparing for its initial stock offering. Most of that $25 million sales difference resulted from the problems with getting the Kaypro 10 production up to expectations, Kay said.

"It's a vendor problem, not a design problem," Kay said. Some of the microchips aren't up to specifications, he explained. "In a nutshell, we're not getting enough hard disks to meet our demand. IBM has the same problem" with its hard disk microcomputer, he said.

The controller board for the Kaypro 10 has been a problem, too - one related to the chips received from vendors.

"Also, there is a lot of pilot error (errors by users of the system)," he said.
"It's been a series of random problems - deviations in the batches of chips, tolerances that cause problems, problems with hard disks. We're solving them. We don't foresee a universal retrofit situation," he said.

Demand is still strong. "The problem is lack of parts, not lack of sales." said Kay. As soon as the production problems are solved, Kaypro 10 sales will be back up to expectations, he said. 
(Donald C. Bauder, Financial Editor, Newspaper Clipping, Likely from the San Diego Union)
</blockquote>

"Meanwhile, I have received a release from Microscience stating that they have an $8,000,000 order from Kaypro for half-wide 5" winchesters. The first of the 3lb drives were to be shipped September 26 with the rest of the order to be delivered over 10 months. Bill McDonald said he was quite impressed with Microscience's little drives. I guess he really was." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

"The company cited an inability to receive enough disk drives for the present $50 million inventory level. Kay said most of the problems stemmed from a shortage of Winchester drives for the Kaypro 10, but he noted that those problems have been solved with new sources. Kaypro had been buying hard disk drives exclusively from Tandon Corp. and now is additionally sourcing Winchesters from Seagate Technology and Microscience International Corp." 
(Computer System News, February 27, 1984)

<blockquote>
The only thing worse than a CMI drive is an early Tandon. We had several of the early Tandons, and they nearly shut down the Micro C editorial department, which makes them even worse than CMI drives.

Kaypro found itself in the Tandon 10 Meg replacement business right after they started using them. (An average of three replacements per system, I believe.) If you have a Tandon winchester, don't breathe on it, the heads might fall out. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Aug-Sept 1986)
</blockquote>

===Mainboard Change===
While this article states that the 4 will use the 10 board. The K4 '84 never used the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) but maybe the confusion came from the fact that it would have the upgraded graphics and used half-height drives. More research is needed as to when each board was actually switched over in production. I suspect that the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) may have been used until they got their stock low enough to just have the replacement supplies that they were targeting.

<blockquote>
The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non-Tandon half-wide drives. ...

The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won't have (at least for a while). It will have a new CTC timer and a modem built in. However, they aren't quite ready to ship the new 4. They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb 1984)
</blockquote>

===K10 in production===
"There are no changes here. The Kaypro 10 still has a 10-megabyte Winchester hard disk, one 392K floppy drive, an internal 300-baud modem, and a real-time clock.

The software package for the Kaypro 10 is the same as for the Robie, plus software for backing up your hard disk onto floppy disks." 
(Profiles, Jan 1986)

===Light Pen===
"... the light pen plug on the Kaypro 10 doesn't work. When the computer was designed, Kaypro had planned to have one, but never found time to finish it." 
(Profiles, September 1986)

The [[Video Chip]] an SY6545A-1 supports the use of a light pen.

===K10 Known Errors===
If your early Kaypro 10 won't boot from the floppy drive check page 18 of the Apr 1984 Micro Cornucopia [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2017%20Apr84.pdf here].

"We have had three Kaypro lOs with this same 'status 02' error over the last six months. Each time the error occurred, the hard disk was not up to speed when the Kaypro 10 tried to read it. In all three cases the problem stemmed from the hard disk controller board. After the boards were replaced, the 'status 02' error problem was resolved." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
I also got a call from a local dealer about this problem. [System Status 02] He had contacted two of the drive manufacturers and found out that some of the drives Kaypro is using are the low current versions which start very slowly. (In fact, they often won't start at all if the head gets left somewhere other than in the safety position and is resting on the disk.)

He has found that if he lubricates the winchester's stepper arm with a little silicon spray, the head will return to the safety position between data fetches and the drive will start properly the next time the system is turned on.
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
We've been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives. The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost.

Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months. This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak, then reformatting the winchester, booting off a floppy, and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winchester.

Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak (files aren't always correct after they're restored) so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K. For larger files, you can take your chances with mufbak, or manually break the files into 390K chunks (if possible). Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak.

Editor's note, we haven't heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15. Also, SQ. COM (squeezes files) does a very good job of reducing the size of large files (USQ.COM unsqueezes them). See disk K1. 
Allyn Franklin of Drivemasters 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"If, after a few hours' work, a "System Status 02" message appears at the bottom of your K10 screen, it may be a heat-related controller board problem. The HDO Controller is supposed to run at 10 megahertz. If a "System Status 02" error message appears after a period of time, it's generally because the frequency of the controller has crept up to 12 or even 14 megahertz. A simple solution is to replace the capacitor at C18 with a more heat-resillient capacitor, one with a value of 18 picofarads and a temperature band of N1500. This will help you hold the 10 megahertz value needed for proper running. After you have replaced that capacitor, re-adjust the VCO at C19 as it says in the documentation that comes with the STU's. You will need to do a high level reformatting of the hard drive with any part replacement or repair dealing with System Status 02. During System Status 02 you are sending garbage to the hard drive, so an 02 message can come up when the garbage area of the hard drive is read." 
(Kugram, Jan-Feb 1987)

</blockquote>

===K10 marketing===
{|
|-
| This flier is from the personal collection of David Kay. It does not have dates on it but based on the product release dates and that it features the Kaypro 10 I believe it is likely for the 1983 National Computer Conference. Which was held May 16-19 in Anaheim, California. That year the Anaheim Convention Center was full of displays and the overflow was in the Disneyland Hotel. [https://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n8/188_1983_National_Computer_Co.php National Computer Convention 1983]
||
[[File:K10 Disneyland Demo.jpg|400px]]
|}

===K10 Ends Production===
"The Kaypro Corporation sends news of the passing of a couple of old friends, the Kaypro 1 and the Kaypro 10. The decision to send old No. 1 to the glue factory will sadden many CP/M followers who fondly remember 'Darth Vader's lunch bucket.'"
(New York Times, February 11, 1986)

"On February 1 they'll no longer be shipping any CP/M systems except the 2X. No 10, no 1, no Robie, no 4, just the 2X. All that, despite the fact that they were back-ordered on the 10, and the 1 wasn't doing badly either!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, April-May 1986)

===Prototype Variations on the K10===

====Climate Hardened====
"Unfortunately the climate-hardened Kaypros referred to in that article were especially manufactured for the purpose. They were Kaypro 10s without any ventilation slots in the chassis, no floppy drives, and special sealing gaskets around the communications ports and CRTs.

Without floppy drives the only way to introduce new programs and download data is through the serial ports. Only a small number of these computers were made as an experiment by Kaypro. They are not available on special order." 
(Profiles, March 1986)

====Kaypro 12X====
"There are currently only about a dozen 12X systems in existance (the Kaypro 10 with a 2.6 meg floppy drive). The engineers at Kaypro are using these 12Xs for software development (such a deal)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1984)

===Software===

[[File:K10 14 disk set Sep 83.jpg|400px]] 
14 Disk Set dated September 1983

[[File:Kaypro 10 install disks.jpg|300px]] 
A set of 8 disks used to install the standard software onto the harddrive.

===Dates===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Disk label w oct 83.jpg]]
|| Note that this disk refers to the K10 and has a date of Oct 20, 1983. Part number: 81-225-48
|}

It's FCC ID was issued July 7, 1985.

==Mainboard==
The [[Mainboard 81-180|81-180 mainboard]] was used in the Kaypro 10.

Mainboards

2026-10-30T16:14:48Z

FrankRahman:

[[Mainboard 81-110]] - Kaypro II

[[Mainboard 81-180]] - Kaypro 10 (83)

[[Mainboard 81-240]] - Kaypro II and 4 (83)

[[Mainboard 81-184]] - Kaypro 4X and New 2

Mainboard 81-180

2026-10-30T16:13:44Z

FrankRahman:

The 81-180 mainboard is used on the [[Kaypro 10 (81-005)|Kaypro 10 '83]].

==81-180 B==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 B back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B label.jpg]]
||
|}

Monitor ROM [[Media:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin| No Label]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

==81-180 C1==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 C1 back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1 label.jpg]]
||
|}

Monitor ROM [[Media:81-302.bin|81-302]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-235.bin|81-235]]

==Some changes between 81-180 B and C1==
The most significant changes between the boards includes:
* The movement of U72 from the middle bottom of the board to the right bottom
* U7 goes from being empty to unlabeled

Mainboard 81-180

2026-10-30T16:13:06Z

FrankRahman:

The 81-180 mainboard is used on the Kaypro 10 '83.

==81-180 B==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 B back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B label.jpg]]
||
|}

Monitor ROM [[Media:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin| No Label]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

==81-180 C1==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 C1 back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1 label.jpg]]
||
|}

Monitor ROM [[Media:81-302.bin|81-302]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-235.bin|81-235]]

==Some changes between 81-180 B and C1==
The most significant changes between the boards includes:
* The movement of U72 from the middle bottom of the board to the right bottom
* U7 goes from being empty to unlabeled

Mainboard 81-180

2026-10-30T16:11:34Z

FrankRahman:

==81-180 B==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 B back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 B label.jpg]]
||
|}

Monitor ROM [[Media:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin| No Label]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-187.bin|81-187]]

==81-180 C1==

{|
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:81-180 C1 back.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:81-180 C1 label.jpg]]
||
|}

Monitor ROM [[Media:81-302.bin|81-302]]

Char ROM [[Media:81-235.bin|81-235]]

==Some changes between 81-180 B and C1==
The most significant changes between the boards includes:
* The movement of U72 from the middle bottom of the board to the right bottom
* U7 goes from being empty to unlabeled

File:81-180 C1 label.jpg

2026-10-30T16:08:21Z

FrankRahman:

81-180 C1 label

File:81-180 C1 back.jpg

2026-10-30T16:06:51Z

FrankRahman:

81-180 C1 back

File:81-180 C1.jpg

2026-10-30T16:06:18Z

FrankRahman:

81-180 C1

File:81-180 B label.jpg

2026-10-30T16:02:44Z

FrankRahman:

81-180 B label

File:81-180 B back.jpg

2026-10-30T16:02:10Z

FrankRahman:

81-180 B back

File:81-180 B.jpg

2026-10-30T16:01:26Z

FrankRahman:

81-180 B

Profiles

2026-10-30T15:46:50Z

FrankRahman: /* Special Items Included */

==Profiles announcement==
<blockquote>
Pro=Files, a glossy, bi-monthly consumer magazine for users of the Kaypro computer line, sent out its premiere issue in mid-June to an initial circulation of 40,000-50,000. Written both for the novice and the expert Kaypro owner, Pro=Files offers the advertiser a unique opportunity to target a select audience of upscale consumers, all of whom have purchased a personal comuter within the past year.

The magazine includes a full range of departments and features, both on Kaypro-related as well as general computer industry topics. It also emphasizes graphics and a good deal of four-color artwork.

According to David Kay, vice president of marketing for the Kaypro Corporation which publishes Pro=Files, "Our readers are not just wondering about computers -- they've made that leap of faith, they know that computers can make their lives easier and more productive, and they are actively seeking ways to integrate their computers into their lives and work."

"We're no longer dealing with hobbyists and data-processing cognoscenti," he added. "Personal computers are now a mass market item, and their users are no longer content with either technical gibberish or "gee-whiz-look-at-the-phenomenon" general interest fluff. They're desperate for hard information, and they deserve to be treated as the intelligent adults they are."

For advertisers, Pro=Files is not only a tailor-made vehicle for computer aftermarket products, accessories and software, but the demographic profile of the average personal computer buyer makes him of her a natural target for traditional upscale advertising. The bulk of Pro=Files' readership is comprised of small business owners, writers, managers, sales executives, engineers and other professionals.

Pro=Files is published by the Kaypro Corporation, makers of the Kaypro II, Kaypro 4 and 10 computers. The magazine will be distributed free of charge to all Kaypro owners for a full year after the date of purchase. (For those who already own a Kaypro, the subscription year will begin with the premiere issue.) Since the Kaypro Corporation plans to produce nearly 200,000 machines during 1983, Pro=Files' readership is expected to approach that figure by the end of the calendar year. 
("Pro=Files, A Magazine for Computer Users, From Kaypro Corp" press release, Comdex 1983)
</blockquote>

==Special Items Included==
I have a copy of the September/October 1983 Profiles that has an unopened plastic jacket.

[[File:Profiles Back Cover.jpg|200px]]

The front cover states "Free disk inside!" The January/February 1984 edition it states that "In the September/October issue of PRO/FILES, BCN inserted a FREE telecommunications software disk." The edge of the insert is visible and does match this image.

"You see, BCN put a disk of their modem software (and a small manual) in all 65,000 copies of Profiles Magazine (September/October issue)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

[[File:BCN in Profiles.jpg]]

The insert also states it is "Advertising Supplement to Pro/Files"

==Famous writers from Profiles==
<blockquote>
Profiles was this weird intersection in time. I don't know why it happened, but a lot of writers who later became famous wrote for us, though David Gerrold was established before he wrote for Profiles [Profiles, July 1984]. Gerrold wrote the teleplay for ''Trouble with Tribbles'', for the original Star Trek TV series, the novel ''The Man Who Folded Himself'', and the ''War Against the Chtorr'' series. Robert J. Sawyer and Ted Chiang, both later multiple Hugo and Nebula Award winners, wrote for us. So did Jack Nimersheim, who was nominated for a Hugo. In the mid-90s Ted Chiang wrote The Story of Your Life, which was later made into the movie Arrival, with Amy Adams. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==Profiles Q&A Column==
<blockquote>
I had a column called Q&A, which was completely made up. It was supposedly questions from customers but I just made up the question and then the answer. I tried to come up with things that I thought people should know. It was things that weren't immediately obvious, like a lot of people who bought CP/M machines didn't know CP/M had a command processor. You could create batch files just as you could with MS-DOS. Or I’d explain how to use PIP, because PIP was counterintuitive. It was ‘PIP then target then source’ instead of ‘PIP then source then target’.

I would create questions and answers from issues I had run into, or what support had told me about. I would make things up like ‘Joe Cochrane from Akron, Ohio wants to know blah blah’ and then answer it. It was just a way to impart technical information the subscribers needed.

But the articles were very different because the articles were ferociously factual. Diane Ingalls would not tolerate for one moment being loosey-goosey with the facts. If she thought I was doing that, she'd walk in to my office and hit me in the back of the head. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==Early Profiles avoided talking about Kaypro==
<blockquote>
''FR: The earlier profiles appeared to almost avoid talking about Kaypro products.''

It was the original [actually the second] editor, and I never worked for him, I think I met him once before he left. His name was Tyler Sperry.
When he left Gwyn Price took over and she was a very impressive woman. Hard charging, good humored, just nice. Didn't take any BLANK from anyone, but a very, very positive person. And that's when the magazine changed. More about technical detail, more about what customers needed, more about what they were interested in. She came on I think about four months before I started working at the magazine. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==End of Profiles==
<blockquote>
Borland's Turbo Technix and Kaypro's Profiles have called it quits. ...

Kaypro appears to be belt-tightening everywhere. Not only are they cutting out frills such as the magazine ... 
(Micro Cornucopia, Jan-Feb 1989)
</blockquote>

Profiles

2026-10-30T15:45:36Z

FrankRahman: /* Special Items Included */

==Profiles announcement==
<blockquote>
Pro=Files, a glossy, bi-monthly consumer magazine for users of the Kaypro computer line, sent out its premiere issue in mid-June to an initial circulation of 40,000-50,000. Written both for the novice and the expert Kaypro owner, Pro=Files offers the advertiser a unique opportunity to target a select audience of upscale consumers, all of whom have purchased a personal comuter within the past year.

The magazine includes a full range of departments and features, both on Kaypro-related as well as general computer industry topics. It also emphasizes graphics and a good deal of four-color artwork.

According to David Kay, vice president of marketing for the Kaypro Corporation which publishes Pro=Files, "Our readers are not just wondering about computers -- they've made that leap of faith, they know that computers can make their lives easier and more productive, and they are actively seeking ways to integrate their computers into their lives and work."

"We're no longer dealing with hobbyists and data-processing cognoscenti," he added. "Personal computers are now a mass market item, and their users are no longer content with either technical gibberish or "gee-whiz-look-at-the-phenomenon" general interest fluff. They're desperate for hard information, and they deserve to be treated as the intelligent adults they are."

For advertisers, Pro=Files is not only a tailor-made vehicle for computer aftermarket products, accessories and software, but the demographic profile of the average personal computer buyer makes him of her a natural target for traditional upscale advertising. The bulk of Pro=Files' readership is comprised of small business owners, writers, managers, sales executives, engineers and other professionals.

Pro=Files is published by the Kaypro Corporation, makers of the Kaypro II, Kaypro 4 and 10 computers. The magazine will be distributed free of charge to all Kaypro owners for a full year after the date of purchase. (For those who already own a Kaypro, the subscription year will begin with the premiere issue.) Since the Kaypro Corporation plans to produce nearly 200,000 machines during 1983, Pro=Files' readership is expected to approach that figure by the end of the calendar year. 
("Pro=Files, A Magazine for Computer Users, From Kaypro Corp" press release, Comdex 1983)
</blockquote>

==Special Items Included==
I have a copy of the September/October 1983 Profiles that has an unopened plastic jacket. The front cover states "Free disk inside!" The January/February 1984 edition it states that "In the September/October issue of PRO/FILES, BCN inserted a FREE telecommunications software disk." The edge of the insert is visible and does match this image.

"You see, BCN put a disk of their modem software (and a small manual) in all 65,000 copies of Profiles Magazine (September/October issue)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

[[File:BCN in Profiles.jpg]]

The insert also states it is "Advertising Supplement to Pro/Files"

[[File:Profiles Back Cover.jpg|200px]]

==Famous writers from Profiles==
<blockquote>
Profiles was this weird intersection in time. I don't know why it happened, but a lot of writers who later became famous wrote for us, though David Gerrold was established before he wrote for Profiles [Profiles, July 1984]. Gerrold wrote the teleplay for ''Trouble with Tribbles'', for the original Star Trek TV series, the novel ''The Man Who Folded Himself'', and the ''War Against the Chtorr'' series. Robert J. Sawyer and Ted Chiang, both later multiple Hugo and Nebula Award winners, wrote for us. So did Jack Nimersheim, who was nominated for a Hugo. In the mid-90s Ted Chiang wrote The Story of Your Life, which was later made into the movie Arrival, with Amy Adams. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==Profiles Q&A Column==
<blockquote>
I had a column called Q&A, which was completely made up. It was supposedly questions from customers but I just made up the question and then the answer. I tried to come up with things that I thought people should know. It was things that weren't immediately obvious, like a lot of people who bought CP/M machines didn't know CP/M had a command processor. You could create batch files just as you could with MS-DOS. Or I’d explain how to use PIP, because PIP was counterintuitive. It was ‘PIP then target then source’ instead of ‘PIP then source then target’.

I would create questions and answers from issues I had run into, or what support had told me about. I would make things up like ‘Joe Cochrane from Akron, Ohio wants to know blah blah’ and then answer it. It was just a way to impart technical information the subscribers needed.

But the articles were very different because the articles were ferociously factual. Diane Ingalls would not tolerate for one moment being loosey-goosey with the facts. If she thought I was doing that, she'd walk in to my office and hit me in the back of the head. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==Early Profiles avoided talking about Kaypro==
<blockquote>
''FR: The earlier profiles appeared to almost avoid talking about Kaypro products.''

It was the original [actually the second] editor, and I never worked for him, I think I met him once before he left. His name was Tyler Sperry.
When he left Gwyn Price took over and she was a very impressive woman. Hard charging, good humored, just nice. Didn't take any BLANK from anyone, but a very, very positive person. And that's when the magazine changed. More about technical detail, more about what customers needed, more about what they were interested in. She came on I think about four months before I started working at the magazine. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==End of Profiles==
<blockquote>
Borland's Turbo Technix and Kaypro's Profiles have called it quits. ...

Kaypro appears to be belt-tightening everywhere. Not only are they cutting out frills such as the magazine ... 
(Micro Cornucopia, Jan-Feb 1989)
</blockquote>

File:Profiles Back Cover.jpg

2026-10-30T15:45:20Z

FrankRahman:

Profiles Back Cover

Mainboard 81-180

2026-10-30T15:31:22Z

FrankRahman: Created page with "==81-180 B== Mon File:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin Char File:81-187.bin ==81-180 C1== Mon File:81-302.bin Char File:81-235.bin"

==81-180 B==
Mon [[File:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin]]

Char [[File:81-187.bin]]

==81-180 C1==

Mon [[File:81-302.bin]]

Char [[File:81-235.bin]]

File:81-235.bin

2026-10-30T15:30:46Z

FrankRahman:

81-235 (char from 81-180 C 420)

File:81-302.bin

2026-10-30T15:29:23Z

FrankRahman:

81-302 (mon from 81-180 C 420)

File:81-187.bin

2026-10-30T15:28:28Z

FrankRahman:

81-187 (char from 81-180 B 3484)

File:Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label).bin

2026-10-30T15:27:28Z

FrankRahman:

Monitor from 81-180 B 3484 (no label)

Profiles

2026-10-30T14:15:06Z

FrankRahman: /* Special Items Included */

==Profiles announcement==
<blockquote>
Pro=Files, a glossy, bi-monthly consumer magazine for users of the Kaypro computer line, sent out its premiere issue in mid-June to an initial circulation of 40,000-50,000. Written both for the novice and the expert Kaypro owner, Pro=Files offers the advertiser a unique opportunity to target a select audience of upscale consumers, all of whom have purchased a personal comuter within the past year.

The magazine includes a full range of departments and features, both on Kaypro-related as well as general computer industry topics. It also emphasizes graphics and a good deal of four-color artwork.

According to David Kay, vice president of marketing for the Kaypro Corporation which publishes Pro=Files, "Our readers are not just wondering about computers -- they've made that leap of faith, they know that computers can make their lives easier and more productive, and they are actively seeking ways to integrate their computers into their lives and work."

"We're no longer dealing with hobbyists and data-processing cognoscenti," he added. "Personal computers are now a mass market item, and their users are no longer content with either technical gibberish or "gee-whiz-look-at-the-phenomenon" general interest fluff. They're desperate for hard information, and they deserve to be treated as the intelligent adults they are."

For advertisers, Pro=Files is not only a tailor-made vehicle for computer aftermarket products, accessories and software, but the demographic profile of the average personal computer buyer makes him of her a natural target for traditional upscale advertising. The bulk of Pro=Files' readership is comprised of small business owners, writers, managers, sales executives, engineers and other professionals.

Pro=Files is published by the Kaypro Corporation, makers of the Kaypro II, Kaypro 4 and 10 computers. The magazine will be distributed free of charge to all Kaypro owners for a full year after the date of purchase. (For those who already own a Kaypro, the subscription year will begin with the premiere issue.) Since the Kaypro Corporation plans to produce nearly 200,000 machines during 1983, Pro=Files' readership is expected to approach that figure by the end of the calendar year. 
("Pro=Files, A Magazine for Computer Users, From Kaypro Corp" press release, Comdex 1983)
</blockquote>

==Special Items Included==
I have a copy of the September/October 1983 Profiles that has an unopened plastic jacket. The front cover states "Free disk inside!" The January/February 1984 edition it states that "In the September/October issue of PRO/FILES, BCN inserted a FREE telecommunications software disk." The edge of the insert is visible and does match this image.

"You see, BCN put a disk of their modem software (and a small manual) in all 65,000 copies of Profiles Magazine (September/October issue)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

[[File:BCN in Profiles.jpg]]

The insert also states it is "Advertising Supplement to Pro/Files"

==Famous writers from Profiles==
<blockquote>
Profiles was this weird intersection in time. I don't know why it happened, but a lot of writers who later became famous wrote for us, though David Gerrold was established before he wrote for Profiles [Profiles, July 1984]. Gerrold wrote the teleplay for ''Trouble with Tribbles'', for the original Star Trek TV series, the novel ''The Man Who Folded Himself'', and the ''War Against the Chtorr'' series. Robert J. Sawyer and Ted Chiang, both later multiple Hugo and Nebula Award winners, wrote for us. So did Jack Nimersheim, who was nominated for a Hugo. In the mid-90s Ted Chiang wrote The Story of Your Life, which was later made into the movie Arrival, with Amy Adams. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==Profiles Q&A Column==
<blockquote>
I had a column called Q&A, which was completely made up. It was supposedly questions from customers but I just made up the question and then the answer. I tried to come up with things that I thought people should know. It was things that weren't immediately obvious, like a lot of people who bought CP/M machines didn't know CP/M had a command processor. You could create batch files just as you could with MS-DOS. Or I’d explain how to use PIP, because PIP was counterintuitive. It was ‘PIP then target then source’ instead of ‘PIP then source then target’.

I would create questions and answers from issues I had run into, or what support had told me about. I would make things up like ‘Joe Cochrane from Akron, Ohio wants to know blah blah’ and then answer it. It was just a way to impart technical information the subscribers needed.

But the articles were very different because the articles were ferociously factual. Diane Ingalls would not tolerate for one moment being loosey-goosey with the facts. If she thought I was doing that, she'd walk in to my office and hit me in the back of the head. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==Early Profiles avoided talking about Kaypro==
<blockquote>
''FR: The earlier profiles appeared to almost avoid talking about Kaypro products.''

It was the original [actually the second] editor, and I never worked for him, I think I met him once before he left. His name was Tyler Sperry.
When he left Gwyn Price took over and she was a very impressive woman. Hard charging, good humored, just nice. Didn't take any BLANK from anyone, but a very, very positive person. And that's when the magazine changed. More about technical detail, more about what customers needed, more about what they were interested in. She came on I think about four months before I started working at the magazine. 
([[Interview with Marshall Mosley]])
</blockquote>

==End of Profiles==
<blockquote>
Borland's Turbo Technix and Kaypro's Profiles have called it quits. ...

Kaypro appears to be belt-tightening everywhere. Not only are they cutting out frills such as the magazine ... 
(Micro Cornucopia, Jan-Feb 1989)
</blockquote>

Kaypro 10 (81-005)

2026-10-30T01:35:19Z

FrankRahman: /* Prototype Variation on the K10 */

First Units?: 
April 1983 (CommuniKay, June 1983) 
May 1983 (Annual Report 1983) 
August 1983 (San Diego Union)

==Kaypro 10's Predecessor (Kaypro 5)==
The Kaypro 5 never went into production. It appears that by the time they were ready for production the cost of a 10MB hard drive was not much more than a 5MB hard drive so they went straight to the K10.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 5 photo.jpg|400px]]
|}
<blockquote>
Kaycomp Computers has unveiled a portable Z80-CP/M-based machine with a 9-in. display that incorporates a 5-1/4-in. Winchester disk drive.

The Kaypro 5 uses a 5-Mbyte Winchester from either Tandon Magnetics Corp. or Seagate Technology.

Priced at $4,485, the Kaypro 5 is a hard disk version of the Kaypro II (formerly known as the Kaycomp II), a $1,795 portable microcomputer with double-density minifloppy disk drives.
The company is currently producing 4,000 Kaypro IIs per month, Kay said.

Both units have 64K of RAM, run CP/M and include, in their purchase prices, SBasic from Topaz Programming, Profit Plan from Chang Laboratories and the Select word processing package from Select Systems. 
(Newspaper clipping, no citation)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro 5, scheduled to be available this quarter, is the same as the Kaypro II except that the Kaypro 5 includes one floppy disk and one 5.5 megabyte Winchester hard disk as storage media.
(Small Computer Systems, December 1982)

It also lists both the Kaypro II and 5 as not having Graphics
</blockquote>

==Kaypro 10==

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 side.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:K10 front.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 in office.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 10 w David Kay.jpg|400px]]
|}
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg In.jpg|400px]]

|}

[[File:K10 81-005 label.jpg|400px]]

====Manual====
May 1983 version (with updates): 
* [[Media:K10 users guide May 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users manual update Aug 1983.pdf|K10 Users Manual Update Aug 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide update Oct 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide Update Oct 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide may 83 add MUFBAR.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 83 add MUFBAR]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide addbackup.pdf|K10 users guide addbackup]]

Jan 1984 version:
[[Media:Kaypro 10 Manual.pdf|Kaypro 10 Manual]]

===K10 Pre-Release===
====Images from the Pre-Release Brochure====
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre In.jpg|400px]]
|}
This pre-release version has a hard drive with a visible cover panel and horizontal drive configuration.

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease cover image.jpg]] 
The above images also show a keyboard with a Keytronics mechanism, black numeric keypad, and KAYPRO 10 on the case. The later brochure uses a similar keyboard that uses an SMK mechanism and just KAYPRO on the keyboard case.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image2.jpg]] 
This photo was taken at the offices of Batter Kay Associates. (Confirmed with Micheal and Janice Kay Batter) Note that the calendar in the background is October. It is likely a calendar for October 1982 based on the 1st being a Friday. So it is possible that the photo was taken in that month. Which is consistent with it's announcement in November of that year.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup image of the machine shows light coming through the vent holes which is only possible if a mainboard is not installed. That along with no image on the screen makes it likely that the mainboard was not ready in time for this photo. 
What I find surprising is that they didn't try to fit a KII mainboard in so that they could display some text on the screen. 
In the later brochure for the K10 this photo is replaced by a nearly identical one that shows the "normal" drive configuration for the K10 with the newly designed graphics processor capabilities showing on the display.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Post Release Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]]
|}

Another interesting note is that the pre-release image shows the chassis resting on the keyboard like the early KIIs. The later version has the integrated kickstand to angle the system up.

====News before the release of the K10====
<blockquote>
Kaypro, the division of Non-Linear Systems that makes portable desktop computers, will introduce a 10-Mbyte hard disk at Comdex, EE Times has learned.

Marketing vice president David Kay said the 5-1/4-in. disk will be bundled in a new package, dubbed the Kaypro 10. which will sell for $2795.

Kay predicted that the 10-Mbyte Winchester will allow major graphics enhancements over the current Kaypro
II, which is bundled with eight double density floppies at a price of $1795.

The extra memory in the hard disk will accommodate graphics "somewhere between business and high-resolution quality, will allow for new enhancements like underlining, highlighting and reverse video, and will drive displays at 4 MHz," he said. 
(Electrical Enginnering Times, November 22, 1982)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Kaypro will be shipping sample copies of its new Kaypro 10 computer, with a 10-Mb Winchester disk, to its dealers. The software bundled with the computer will reside on the hard disk. This will provide a lot more storage than the floppy drives, with an additional $1000 added to the price tag. 
(Personal Computing, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The first Winchester-based portable computer priced at less than $3,000 was introduced at Comdex by the Kaypro Division of Non-Linear Systems Inc.

Dubbed the Kaypro 10, the portable contains a 10-Mbyte hard drive and runs CP/M. ... The system language is S-Basic and a Profitplan spreadsheet program is included. Software applicatins included with the Kaypro 10 are the Perfect Writer, Perfect Speller, Perfect Filler, and Perfect Calc. ...

Video features include graphics model with 160 by 100 pixels for graphs and games, inverse, blinking, underlining, and reduced intensity. ...

Provisions are made for a light pen connection. ...

Priced at $2,795, the Kaypro 10 will be available to dealers next year. 
(News Paper Clipping, but consistent with PR Tech Sheet from June 1983)
</blockquote>

Note that IBM announced the PC XT which included a Hard Drive on March 8, 1983. Compaq would wait for a 3.5 inch hard drive to be available so the Compaq Plus wasn't revealed until October 25, 1983.

===K10 Press===
<blockquote>
Since this review was completed, Non-Linear Systems has revamped its product line for 1983 with two new system configurations (the Kaypro 4 and Kaypro 10)...
The big news is the Kaypro 10, which incorporates an internal 10-megabyte hard disk as well as one double-sided, double-density, half-height floppy-disk drive (380K bytes of storage). The Kaypro 10 itself is an upgrade of the Kaypro 5, a 5-megabyte hard-disk portable shown in 1982 but never produced in quantity. The Kaypro 10, including software, will put you back only $2795. 
(Byte Magazine, September 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Within months of its birth, the Kaypro II had become a classic. It was joined in 1983 by the Kaypro 4, which sported double sided, double density disk drives for more storage, and then by the Kaypro 10, another major pathbreaker for the industry: the first-ever affordable hard disk computer for mass storage (featuring a built-in 10 megabyte hard disk), built for portability as well.

Reviewing the Kaypro 10 recently, Infoworld magazine wrote, "The Kaypro 10 is a welcome addition in today's hardware carnival--it gives consumers who want a hard-disk system the chance to buy a quality product at a good price." 
([[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]], 1983)
</blockquote>

===K10 Production Issues===
"The Kaypro 10 has been shipped in limited quantities since April (1983) and bulk shipments are soon to come." 
(CommuniKay, June 1983)

<blockquote>As of this writing (late March), 25,000 people have bought KAYPRO IIs, and NLS president Andy Kay expects to sell another 50,000 (including sales of the next computer, the KAYPRO 10) by the end of August. ...
Their KAYPRO 10 was recently unveiled and 8,000 orders are in before the first one comes off the production line. Kay expects to be turning out 10,000 KAYPRO 10s a month to match production of the Ils. "Interest is so high it looks like we'll sell more 10s than IIs," said Kay.
...
The 10 is faster than the II and has graphics capability. It comes in the same package and retails for $2,795. 
(San Diego Magazine, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Production line snarls have cut planned output of the new Kaypro 10 microcomputer by as much as 75 percent, but the company has no plans or need to retrofit products already sold, as has been rumored, said Vice President David Kay yesterday.

By this time, Solana Beach-based Kaypro expected to be producing 500 Kaypro 10 machines a day, Kay admitted yesterday, "but production is now 90 to 150 a day." The company started shipping the product in August.

Retailers are complaining of problems. "Customers have been losing data because of problems with the hard disk drive," said James Keais, technician in La Mesa's On-Line Computer Center. About 40 percent of the center's customers have had some problems with the Kaypro 10, he said. and as a result, the store warns potential customers of the problem. And it makes good on products sold: "One machine has been in here for two weeks, waiting for new hard disks," he said.

The Kaypro 10 is the first portable microcomputer using a hard disk, rather than a floppy disk - and unlike with floppies, it is not just a matter of the user putting in a new disk, explained John Rigoli, owner of the On-Line store. But Kaypro has said nothing about a retrofit operation, he said.

Kay said that overall, there has been nothing like a 40 percent failure rate: "You always get complaints about a new product," he said. But conceivably, one or a handful of retailers might get a high percentage of flawed products, he said
There has been talk in the industry that Kaypro has had to suspend production of the Kaypro 10, and that a retrofit is planned. "If we have stopped production, it's only been for half a day or so," said Kay, who added that if a major problem developed, the company would retrofit existing products, but he is aware of no such problems.

"In all electronics, there is a debugging process," he said. Каурго had a problem before with disk drives for floppies.

This problem, however, has impacted the company's financial results, he conceded. Last week, Kaypro reported that 1983 sales were $75.1 million - up impressively from 1982's $5.5 million, but less than the $100 million which had been bandied about last summer, as Kaypro was preparing for its initial stock offering. Most of that $25 million sales difference resulted from the problems with getting the Kaypro 10 production up to expectations, Kay said.

"It's a vendor problem, not a design problem," Kay said. Some of the microchips aren't up to specifications, he explained. "In a nutshell, we're not getting enough hard disks to meet our demand. IBM has the same problem" with its hard disk microcomputer, he said.

The controller board for the Kaypro 10 has been a problem, too - one related to the chips received from vendors.

"Also, there is a lot of pilot error (errors by users of the system)," he said.
"It's been a series of random problems - deviations in the batches of chips, tolerances that cause problems, problems with hard disks. We're solving them. We don't foresee a universal retrofit situation," he said.

Demand is still strong. "The problem is lack of parts, not lack of sales." said Kay. As soon as the production problems are solved, Kaypro 10 sales will be back up to expectations, he said. 
(Donald C. Bauder, Financial Editor, Newspaper Clipping, Likely from the San Diego Union)
</blockquote>

"Meanwhile, I have received a release from Microscience stating that they have an $8,000,000 order from Kaypro for half-wide 5" winchesters. The first of the 3lb drives were to be shipped September 26 with the rest of the order to be delivered over 10 months. Bill McDonald said he was quite impressed with Microscience's little drives. I guess he really was." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

"The company cited an inability to receive enough disk drives for the present $50 million inventory level. Kay said most of the problems stemmed from a shortage of Winchester drives for the Kaypro 10, but he noted that those problems have been solved with new sources. Kaypro had been buying hard disk drives exclusively from Tandon Corp. and now is additionally sourcing Winchesters from Seagate Technology and Microscience International Corp." 
(Computer System News, February 27, 1984)

<blockquote>
The only thing worse than a CMI drive is an early Tandon. We had several of the early Tandons, and they nearly shut down the Micro C editorial department, which makes them even worse than CMI drives.

Kaypro found itself in the Tandon 10 Meg replacement business right after they started using them. (An average of three replacements per system, I believe.) If you have a Tandon winchester, don't breathe on it, the heads might fall out. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Aug-Sept 1986)
</blockquote>

===Mainboard Change===
While this article states that the 4 will use the 10 board. The K4 '84 never used the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) but maybe the confusion came from the fact that it would have the upgraded graphics and used half-height drives. More research is needed as to when each board was actually switched over in production. I suspect that the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) may have been used until they got their stock low enough to just have the replacement supplies that they were targeting.

<blockquote>
The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non-Tandon half-wide drives. ...

The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won't have (at least for a while). It will have a new CTC timer and a modem built in. However, they aren't quite ready to ship the new 4. They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb 1984)
</blockquote>

===K10 in production===
"There are no changes here. The Kaypro 10 still has a 10-megabyte Winchester hard disk, one 392K floppy drive, an internal 300-baud modem, and a real-time clock.

The software package for the Kaypro 10 is the same as for the Robie, plus software for backing up your hard disk onto floppy disks." 
(Profiles, Jan 1986)

===Light Pen===
"... the light pen plug on the Kaypro 10 doesn't work. When the computer was designed, Kaypro had planned to have one, but never found time to finish it." 
(Profiles, September 1986)

The [[Video Chip]] an SY6545A-1 supports the use of a light pen.

===K10 Known Errors===
If your early Kaypro 10 won't boot from the floppy drive check page 18 of the Apr 1984 Micro Cornucopia [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2017%20Apr84.pdf here].

"We have had three Kaypro lOs with this same 'status 02' error over the last six months. Each time the error occurred, the hard disk was not up to speed when the Kaypro 10 tried to read it. In all three cases the problem stemmed from the hard disk controller board. After the boards were replaced, the 'status 02' error problem was resolved." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
I also got a call from a local dealer about this problem. [System Status 02] He had contacted two of the drive manufacturers and found out that some of the drives Kaypro is using are the low current versions which start very slowly. (In fact, they often won't start at all if the head gets left somewhere other than in the safety position and is resting on the disk.)

He has found that if he lubricates the winchester's stepper arm with a little silicon spray, the head will return to the safety position between data fetches and the drive will start properly the next time the system is turned on.
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
We've been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives. The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost.

Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months. This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak, then reformatting the winchester, booting off a floppy, and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winchester.

Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak (files aren't always correct after they're restored) so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K. For larger files, you can take your chances with mufbak, or manually break the files into 390K chunks (if possible). Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak.

Editor's note, we haven't heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15. Also, SQ. COM (squeezes files) does a very good job of reducing the size of large files (USQ.COM unsqueezes them). See disk K1. 
Allyn Franklin of Drivemasters 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"If, after a few hours' work, a "System Status 02" message appears at the bottom of your K10 screen, it may be a heat-related controller board problem. The HDO Controller is supposed to run at 10 megahertz. If a "System Status 02" error message appears after a period of time, it's generally because the frequency of the controller has crept up to 12 or even 14 megahertz. A simple solution is to replace the capacitor at C18 with a more heat-resillient capacitor, one with a value of 18 picofarads and a temperature band of N1500. This will help you hold the 10 megahertz value needed for proper running. After you have replaced that capacitor, re-adjust the VCO at C19 as it says in the documentation that comes with the STU's. You will need to do a high level reformatting of the hard drive with any part replacement or repair dealing with System Status 02. During System Status 02 you are sending garbage to the hard drive, so an 02 message can come up when the garbage area of the hard drive is read." 
(Kugram, Jan-Feb 1987)

</blockquote>

===K10 marketing===
{|
|-
| This flier is from the personal collection of David Kay. It does not have dates on it but based on the product release dates and that it features the Kaypro 10 I believe it is likely for the 1983 National Computer Conference. Which was held May 16-19 in Anaheim, California. That year the Anaheim Convention Center was full of displays and the overflow was in the Disneyland Hotel. [https://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n8/188_1983_National_Computer_Co.php National Computer Convention 1983]
||
[[File:K10 Disneyland Demo.jpg|400px]]
|}

===K10 Ends Production===
"The Kaypro Corporation sends news of the passing of a couple of old friends, the Kaypro 1 and the Kaypro 10. The decision to send old No. 1 to the glue factory will sadden many CP/M followers who fondly remember 'Darth Vader's lunch bucket.'"
(New York Times, February 11, 1986)

"On February 1 they'll no longer be shipping any CP/M systems except the 2X. No 10, no 1, no Robie, no 4, just the 2X. All that, despite the fact that they were back-ordered on the 10, and the 1 wasn't doing badly either!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, April-May 1986)

===Prototype Variations on the K10===

====Climate Hardened====
"Unfortunately the climate-hardened Kaypros referred to in that article were especially manufactured for the purpose. They were Kaypro 10s without any ventilation slots in the chassis, no floppy drives, and special sealing gaskets around the communications ports and CRTs.

Without floppy drives the only way to introduce new programs and download data is through the serial ports. Only a small number of these computers were made as an experiment by Kaypro. They are not available on special order." 
(Profiles, March 1986)

====Kaypro 12X====
"There are currently only about a dozen 12X systems in existance (the Kaypro 10 with a 2.6 meg floppy drive). The engineers at Kaypro are using these 12Xs for software development (such a deal)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1984)

===Software===

[[File:K10 14 disk set Sep 83.jpg|400px]] 
14 Disk Set dated September 1983

[[File:Kaypro 10 install disks.jpg|300px]] 
A set of 8 disks used to install the standard software onto the harddrive.

===Dates===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Disk label w oct 83.jpg]]
|| Note that this disk refers to the K10 and has a date of Oct 20, 1983. Part number: 81-225-48
|}

It FCC ID was issued July 7, 1985.

Kaypro 10 (81-005)

2026-10-30T01:33:09Z

FrankRahman: /* K10 Production Issues */

First Units?: 
April 1983 (CommuniKay, June 1983) 
May 1983 (Annual Report 1983) 
August 1983 (San Diego Union)

==Kaypro 10's Predecessor (Kaypro 5)==
The Kaypro 5 never went into production. It appears that by the time they were ready for production the cost of a 10MB hard drive was not much more than a 5MB hard drive so they went straight to the K10.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Kaypro 5 photo.jpg|400px]]
|}
<blockquote>
Kaycomp Computers has unveiled a portable Z80-CP/M-based machine with a 9-in. display that incorporates a 5-1/4-in. Winchester disk drive.

The Kaypro 5 uses a 5-Mbyte Winchester from either Tandon Magnetics Corp. or Seagate Technology.

Priced at $4,485, the Kaypro 5 is a hard disk version of the Kaypro II (formerly known as the Kaycomp II), a $1,795 portable microcomputer with double-density minifloppy disk drives.
The company is currently producing 4,000 Kaypro IIs per month, Kay said.

Both units have 64K of RAM, run CP/M and include, in their purchase prices, SBasic from Topaz Programming, Profit Plan from Chang Laboratories and the Select word processing package from Select Systems. 
(Newspaper clipping, no citation)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The Kaypro 5, scheduled to be available this quarter, is the same as the Kaypro II except that the Kaypro 5 includes one floppy disk and one 5.5 megabyte Winchester hard disk as storage media.
(Small Computer Systems, December 1982)

It also lists both the Kaypro II and 5 as not having Graphics
</blockquote>

==Kaypro 10==

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 side.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:K10 front.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 in office.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Kaypro 10 w David Kay.jpg|400px]]
|}
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Reg In.jpg|400px]]

|}

[[File:K10 81-005 label.jpg|400px]]

====Manual====
May 1983 version (with updates): 
* [[Media:K10 users guide May 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users manual update Aug 1983.pdf|K10 Users Manual Update Aug 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide update Oct 1983.pdf|K10 Users Guide Update Oct 1983]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide may 83 add MUFBAR.pdf|K10 Users Guide May 83 add MUFBAR]]
* [[Media:K10 users guide addbackup.pdf|K10 users guide addbackup]]

Jan 1984 version:
[[Media:Kaypro 10 Manual.pdf|Kaypro 10 Manual]]

===K10 Pre-Release===
====Images from the Pre-Release Brochure====
{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:K10 Brochure Pre In.jpg|400px]]
|}
This pre-release version has a hard drive with a visible cover panel and horizontal drive configuration.

{|
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease cover image.jpg]] 
The above images also show a keyboard with a Keytronics mechanism, black numeric keypad, and KAYPRO 10 on the case. The later brochure uses a similar keyboard that uses an SMK mechanism and just KAYPRO on the keyboard case.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image2.jpg]] 
This photo was taken at the offices of Batter Kay Associates. (Confirmed with Micheal and Janice Kay Batter) Note that the calendar in the background is October. It is likely a calendar for October 1982 based on the 1st being a Friday. So it is possible that the photo was taken in that month. Which is consistent with it's announcement in November of that year.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Prerelease Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup image of the machine shows light coming through the vent holes which is only possible if a mainboard is not installed. That along with no image on the screen makes it likely that the mainboard was not ready in time for this photo. 
What I find surprising is that they didn't try to fit a KII mainboard in so that they could display some text on the screen. 
In the later brochure for the K10 this photo is replaced by a nearly identical one that shows the "normal" drive configuration for the K10 with the newly designed graphics processor capabilities showing on the display.
|-
|
[[File:K10 Post Release Brochure Office Image closeup.jpg]]
|}

Another interesting note is that the pre-release image shows the chassis resting on the keyboard like the early KIIs. The later version has the integrated kickstand to angle the system up.

====News before the release of the K10====
<blockquote>
Kaypro, the division of Non-Linear Systems that makes portable desktop computers, will introduce a 10-Mbyte hard disk at Comdex, EE Times has learned.

Marketing vice president David Kay said the 5-1/4-in. disk will be bundled in a new package, dubbed the Kaypro 10. which will sell for $2795.

Kay predicted that the 10-Mbyte Winchester will allow major graphics enhancements over the current Kaypro
II, which is bundled with eight double density floppies at a price of $1795.

The extra memory in the hard disk will accommodate graphics "somewhere between business and high-resolution quality, will allow for new enhancements like underlining, highlighting and reverse video, and will drive displays at 4 MHz," he said. 
(Electrical Enginnering Times, November 22, 1982)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Kaypro will be shipping sample copies of its new Kaypro 10 computer, with a 10-Mb Winchester disk, to its dealers. The software bundled with the computer will reside on the hard disk. This will provide a lot more storage than the floppy drives, with an additional $1000 added to the price tag. 
(Personal Computing, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The first Winchester-based portable computer priced at less than $3,000 was introduced at Comdex by the Kaypro Division of Non-Linear Systems Inc.

Dubbed the Kaypro 10, the portable contains a 10-Mbyte hard drive and runs CP/M. ... The system language is S-Basic and a Profitplan spreadsheet program is included. Software applicatins included with the Kaypro 10 are the Perfect Writer, Perfect Speller, Perfect Filler, and Perfect Calc. ...

Video features include graphics model with 160 by 100 pixels for graphs and games, inverse, blinking, underlining, and reduced intensity. ...

Provisions are made for a light pen connection. ...

Priced at $2,795, the Kaypro 10 will be available to dealers next year. 
(News Paper Clipping, but consistent with PR Tech Sheet from June 1983)
</blockquote>

Note that IBM announced the PC XT which included a Hard Drive on March 8, 1983. Compaq would wait for a 3.5 inch hard drive to be available so the Compaq Plus wasn't revealed until October 25, 1983.

===K10 Press===
<blockquote>
Since this review was completed, Non-Linear Systems has revamped its product line for 1983 with two new system configurations (the Kaypro 4 and Kaypro 10)...
The big news is the Kaypro 10, which incorporates an internal 10-megabyte hard disk as well as one double-sided, double-density, half-height floppy-disk drive (380K bytes of storage). The Kaypro 10 itself is an upgrade of the Kaypro 5, a 5-megabyte hard-disk portable shown in 1982 but never produced in quantity. The Kaypro 10, including software, will put you back only $2795. 
(Byte Magazine, September 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Within months of its birth, the Kaypro II had become a classic. It was joined in 1983 by the Kaypro 4, which sported double sided, double density disk drives for more storage, and then by the Kaypro 10, another major pathbreaker for the industry: the first-ever affordable hard disk computer for mass storage (featuring a built-in 10 megabyte hard disk), built for portability as well.

Reviewing the Kaypro 10 recently, Infoworld magazine wrote, "The Kaypro 10 is a welcome addition in today's hardware carnival--it gives consumers who want a hard-disk system the chance to buy a quality product at a good price." 
([[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]], 1983)
</blockquote>

===K10 Production Issues===
"The Kaypro 10 has been shipped in limited quantities since April (1983) and bulk shipments are soon to come." 
(CommuniKay, June 1983)

<blockquote>As of this writing (late March), 25,000 people have bought KAYPRO IIs, and NLS president Andy Kay expects to sell another 50,000 (including sales of the next computer, the KAYPRO 10) by the end of August. ...
Their KAYPRO 10 was recently unveiled and 8,000 orders are in before the first one comes off the production line. Kay expects to be turning out 10,000 KAYPRO 10s a month to match production of the Ils. "Interest is so high it looks like we'll sell more 10s than IIs," said Kay.
...
The 10 is faster than the II and has graphics capability. It comes in the same package and retails for $2,795. 
(San Diego Magazine, May 1983)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Production line snarls have cut planned output of the new Kaypro 10 microcomputer by as much as 75 percent, but the company has no plans or need to retrofit products already sold, as has been rumored, said Vice President David Kay yesterday.

By this time, Solana Beach-based Kaypro expected to be producing 500 Kaypro 10 machines a day, Kay admitted yesterday, "but production is now 90 to 150 a day." The company started shipping the product in August.

Retailers are complaining of problems. "Customers have been losing data because of problems with the hard disk drive," said James Keais, technician in La Mesa's On-Line Computer Center. About 40 percent of the center's customers have had some problems with the Kaypro 10, he said. and as a result, the store warns potential customers of the problem. And it makes good on products sold: "One machine has been in here for two weeks, waiting for new hard disks," he said.

The Kaypro 10 is the first portable microcomputer using a hard disk, rather than a floppy disk - and unlike with floppies, it is not just a matter of the user putting in a new disk, explained John Rigoli, owner of the On-Line store. But Kaypro has said nothing about a retrofit operation, he said.

Kay said that overall, there has been nothing like a 40 percent failure rate: "You always get complaints about a new product," he said. But conceivably, one or a handful of retailers might get a high percentage of flawed products, he said
There has been talk in the industry that Kaypro has had to suspend production of the Kaypro 10, and that a retrofit is planned. "If we have stopped production, it's only been for half a day or so," said Kay, who added that if a major problem developed, the company would retrofit existing products, but he is aware of no such problems.

"In all electronics, there is a debugging process," he said. Каурго had a problem before with disk drives for floppies.

This problem, however, has impacted the company's financial results, he conceded. Last week, Kaypro reported that 1983 sales were $75.1 million - up impressively from 1982's $5.5 million, but less than the $100 million which had been bandied about last summer, as Kaypro was preparing for its initial stock offering. Most of that $25 million sales difference resulted from the problems with getting the Kaypro 10 production up to expectations, Kay said.

"It's a vendor problem, not a design problem," Kay said. Some of the microchips aren't up to specifications, he explained. "In a nutshell, we're not getting enough hard disks to meet our demand. IBM has the same problem" with its hard disk microcomputer, he said.

The controller board for the Kaypro 10 has been a problem, too - one related to the chips received from vendors.

"Also, there is a lot of pilot error (errors by users of the system)," he said.
"It's been a series of random problems - deviations in the batches of chips, tolerances that cause problems, problems with hard disks. We're solving them. We don't foresee a universal retrofit situation," he said.

Demand is still strong. "The problem is lack of parts, not lack of sales." said Kay. As soon as the production problems are solved, Kaypro 10 sales will be back up to expectations, he said. 
(Donald C. Bauder, Financial Editor, Newspaper Clipping, Likely from the San Diego Union)
</blockquote>

"Meanwhile, I have received a release from Microscience stating that they have an $8,000,000 order from Kaypro for half-wide 5" winchesters. The first of the 3lb drives were to be shipped September 26 with the rest of the order to be delivered over 10 months. Bill McDonald said he was quite impressed with Microscience's little drives. I guess he really was." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

"The company cited an inability to receive enough disk drives for the present $50 million inventory level. Kay said most of the problems stemmed from a shortage of Winchester drives for the Kaypro 10, but he noted that those problems have been solved with new sources. Kaypro had been buying hard disk drives exclusively from Tandon Corp. and now is additionally sourcing Winchesters from Seagate Technology and Microscience International Corp." 
(Computer System News, February 27, 1984)

<blockquote>
The only thing worse than a CMI drive is an early Tandon. We had several of the early Tandons, and they nearly shut down the Micro C editorial department, which makes them even worse than CMI drives.

Kaypro found itself in the Tandon 10 Meg replacement business right after they started using them. (An average of three replacements per system, I believe.) If you have a Tandon winchester, don't breathe on it, the heads might fall out. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Aug-Sept 1986)
</blockquote>

===Mainboard Change===
While this article states that the 4 will use the 10 board. The K4 '84 never used the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) but maybe the confusion came from the fact that it would have the upgraded graphics and used half-height drives. More research is needed as to when each board was actually switched over in production. I suspect that the K10 '83 board (81-180 C) may have been used until they got their stock low enough to just have the replacement supplies that they were targeting.

<blockquote>
The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non-Tandon half-wide drives. ...

The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won't have (at least for a while). It will have a new CTC timer and a modem built in. However, they aren't quite ready to ship the new 4. They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb 1984)
</blockquote>

===K10 in production===
"There are no changes here. The Kaypro 10 still has a 10-megabyte Winchester hard disk, one 392K floppy drive, an internal 300-baud modem, and a real-time clock.

The software package for the Kaypro 10 is the same as for the Robie, plus software for backing up your hard disk onto floppy disks." 
(Profiles, Jan 1986)

===Light Pen===
"... the light pen plug on the Kaypro 10 doesn't work. When the computer was designed, Kaypro had planned to have one, but never found time to finish it." 
(Profiles, September 1986)

The [[Video Chip]] an SY6545A-1 supports the use of a light pen.

===K10 Known Errors===
If your early Kaypro 10 won't boot from the floppy drive check page 18 of the Apr 1984 Micro Cornucopia [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2017%20Apr84.pdf here].

"We have had three Kaypro lOs with this same 'status 02' error over the last six months. Each time the error occurred, the hard disk was not up to speed when the Kaypro 10 tried to read it. In all three cases the problem stemmed from the hard disk controller board. After the boards were replaced, the 'status 02' error problem was resolved." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
I also got a call from a local dealer about this problem. [System Status 02] He had contacted two of the drive manufacturers and found out that some of the drives Kaypro is using are the low current versions which start very slowly. (In fact, they often won't start at all if the head gets left somewhere other than in the safety position and is resting on the disk.)

He has found that if he lubricates the winchester's stepper arm with a little silicon spray, the head will return to the safety position between data fetches and the drive will start properly the next time the system is turned on.
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
We've been receiving a lot of calls lately from Kaypro 10 owners who are seeing progressive deterioration of their winchester drives. The problem begins with occasional bad sectors on the drives and then progresses to the point where the drive is unusable and the data is lost.

Owners can stop this deterioration by reformatting their drives every 6 months. This means copying all the information from the winchester to floppies using mufbak, then reformatting the winchester, booting off a floppy, and then copying the system tracks and files back onto the winchester.

Unfortunately there are some bugs in mufbak (files aren't always correct after they're restored) so I recommend using PIP or SWEEP to transfer all files that are smaller than 390K. For larger files, you can take your chances with mufbak, or manually break the files into 390K chunks (if possible). Kaypro is supposed to be working on a new version of mufbak.

Editor's note, we haven't heard of any problems using BIGBURST on disk K15. Also, SQ. COM (squeezes files) does a very good job of reducing the size of large files (USQ.COM unsqueezes them). See disk K1. 
Allyn Franklin of Drivemasters 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"If, after a few hours' work, a "System Status 02" message appears at the bottom of your K10 screen, it may be a heat-related controller board problem. The HDO Controller is supposed to run at 10 megahertz. If a "System Status 02" error message appears after a period of time, it's generally because the frequency of the controller has crept up to 12 or even 14 megahertz. A simple solution is to replace the capacitor at C18 with a more heat-resillient capacitor, one with a value of 18 picofarads and a temperature band of N1500. This will help you hold the 10 megahertz value needed for proper running. After you have replaced that capacitor, re-adjust the VCO at C19 as it says in the documentation that comes with the STU's. You will need to do a high level reformatting of the hard drive with any part replacement or repair dealing with System Status 02. During System Status 02 you are sending garbage to the hard drive, so an 02 message can come up when the garbage area of the hard drive is read." 
(Kugram, Jan-Feb 1987)

</blockquote>

===K10 marketing===
{|
|-
| This flier is from the personal collection of David Kay. It does not have dates on it but based on the product release dates and that it features the Kaypro 10 I believe it is likely for the 1983 National Computer Conference. Which was held May 16-19 in Anaheim, California. That year the Anaheim Convention Center was full of displays and the overflow was in the Disneyland Hotel. [https://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n8/188_1983_National_Computer_Co.php National Computer Convention 1983]
||
[[File:K10 Disneyland Demo.jpg|400px]]
|}

===K10 Ends Production===
"The Kaypro Corporation sends news of the passing of a couple of old friends, the Kaypro 1 and the Kaypro 10. The decision to send old No. 1 to the glue factory will sadden many CP/M followers who fondly remember 'Darth Vader's lunch bucket.'"
(New York Times, February 11, 1986)

"On February 1 they'll no longer be shipping any CP/M systems except the 2X. No 10, no 1, no Robie, no 4, just the 2X. All that, despite the fact that they were back-ordered on the 10, and the 1 wasn't doing badly either!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, April-May 1986)

===Prototype Variation on the K10===

====Climate Hardened====
"Unfortunately the climate-hardened Kaypros referred to in that article were especially manufactured for the purpose. They were Kaypro 10s without any ventilation slots in the chassis, no floppy drives, and special sealing gaskets around the communications ports and CRTs.

Without floppy drives the only way to introduce new programs and download data is through the serial ports. Only a small number of these computers were made as an experiment by Kaypro. They are not available on special order." 
(Profiles, March 1986)

====Kaypro 12X====
"There are currently only about a dozen 12X systems in existance (the Kaypro 10 with a 2.6 meg floppy drive). The engineers at Kaypro are using these 12Xs for software development (such a deal)." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1984)

===Software===

[[File:K10 14 disk set Sep 83.jpg|400px]] 
14 Disk Set dated September 1983

[[File:Kaypro 10 install disks.jpg|300px]] 
A set of 8 disks used to install the standard software onto the harddrive.

===Dates===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Disk label w oct 83.jpg]]
|| Note that this disk refers to the K10 and has a date of Oct 20, 1983. Part number: 81-225-48
|}

It FCC ID was issued July 7, 1985.

Power Supplies

2026-10-30T01:28:26Z

FrankRahman: /* AD */

For FCC info [[FCC regulations|click here.]]

==Letting out the magic smoke==
I have seen many eBay listing stating something like the following:
* "Was testing this and it randomly shorted out."
* "Plugged it in seemed to work then it went Pop and didn't work anymore."
One time I even saw this picture:
{|
|-
|
[[File:Letting out the magic smoke.jpg|400px]]
|}
99% of the time it is likely that the RIFA filtering caps blew in your machine. This is very likely if the machine has not been serviced in a long time. Use this page and my "A note about Filter Caps" on the page [[FCC regulations]] to address this problem.

==Did they limit the Monitor boards?==
"They will be purchasing drives from three companies (including Tandon) so that they can compare the product from three makers over a large sample before settling on one or two manufacturers. ''(That's the way they selected their monitor and power supply.)''" 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

==AD==
[[File:Power Supply ad Profiles May 1988 jpg.jpg|400px]] (Profiles, May 1988)

==Mounting Notes==

The earliest Kaypro Power Supplies were mounted with the connector on the left side as you look from the front or upside down to most of us.
At somewhere between #4222 and #7954 the board was flipped so that the connector was on the right side.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Left verses Right Connectors
|-
| #4222 and Earlier || #7954
|-
|
[[File:Left Power supplies.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Right Power supplies.jpg|400px]]
|}

==Harness Notes==
The wiring harness on the very early machines appears to have all white wires on the 10 (or 9) pin connector. This appears on the #2767 and #2775, but my #3590 has black, white, red and green wires as does every later machine I have seen.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| #2767 Photo From Thomas Brase || #2775 || #3590
|-
|
[[File:2767 harness.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:2775 harness.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:3590 harness.jpg|400px]]
|}

==Cal DC==
{|
|-
|'''Cal DC LR5301-03 "Blue"'''
|-
|In my earliest Kaypros I have the blue board CalDC boards
|-
| [[File:CalDC1.jpg|400px]] || No RIFAs on these boards Ceremaic Disk Capacitors provide EMI Filtering C1 has 2 0.1microFarad Z caps 500V C2 and C3 are 2200 picoFarad 3000V Y5U C4 has a single cap that matches those in C1 || [[File:CalDC1 label.jpg|400px]]
|-
| [[File:CalDC1 jumpers.jpg|400px]] || #2775 - 037085 #3590 - 039421 #4207 - 040864 #4222 - 040858 #4223 - 040890
|-
|'''Cal DC LR5301-03 "Clear"''' (Note that there is a slightly different board layout)
|-
| [[File:CalDC1 Clear.jpg|400px]] || Early ones have ceramic caps in C2-4 #21460 has 2 2200pF Ys (C2 and C3) (Lead space requires bending leads) and 0.22microF X2 (C4) || [[File:CalDC1 Clear Label.jpg|400px]]
|-
| [[File:CalDC1 Clear Jumpers.jpg|400px]] || #12654 - 48859 #15453 - 50863 #21460 - 53810
|-
| '''Cal DC LR5301-15 Labeled on Transformer''' Note:65W
|-
| [[File:CalDC2.jpg|400px]] || [[File:CalDC2 rifa.jpg|400px]] || [[File:CalDC2 label.jpg| 400px]]
|-
| '''Cal DC LR5301-15 Labeled on Capacitor''' Note:85W
|-
| [[File:Cal dc3 288536.jpg|400px]]
|| [[File:Cal dc3 rifa 288536.jpg|400px]]
|| [[File:Caldc 3 label 288536.jpg|400px]]
||
|-
| '''Cal DC LR5301-15 Rev E Blue Board'''
|-
| [[File:CalDC LR5301-15 top Rev E.jpg| 400px]]
|| [[File:CalDC LR5301-15 Rifa Rev E.jpg]]
|| [[File:CalDC LR5301-15 Label Rev E.jpg]]
|-
|
[[File:CalDC3 rifa.jpg|thumb]]
| #288536 - 9003067
|}
 
 
From the Tech Manual for switching to 220V: Identified by a bright blue circuit board. A white sticker with "California DC", model, and serial number is located on solder side of board. There are two ceramic power resistors in the upper right-hand corner of the board. These resistors get quite hot during operation. Wiring should be tied down AWAY FROM THESE COMPONENTS. Locate a jumper block labelled 115VAC and 230VAC. With the jumper in the 115VAC position the board is configured for 110V. Remove the jumper from the socket labelled 115 VAC and replace it in the socket labelled 230VAC. The power supply is now configured for 220V use.

==Boschert==
{|
|-
| '''Boschert XL53.3101R "Clear"'''
|-
| [[File:Boschert1 2.jpg|thumb]] || [[File:Boschert1 label2.jpg|thumb]] || #8409 - MBO 9876 (82/43) #12275 - MBO 3773 (82/48) Loose board - MBP 8280
|-
| '''Boschert XL53.3601R "Green"'''
|-
| [[File:Boschert1.jpg|thumb]] || [[File:Boschert1 Label.jpg|thumb]] || #7954 - HL 2676 (83/09) #16288 - HH 0074 (82/49) #17083 - HH 0856 (82/51) #20250 - HH 3369 (83/01)
|-
| For Both Boschert XL53.3101R & XL53.3601R
|-
| [[File:Boschert1 rifas.jpg|thumb]] || Original RIFA Caps: 1-0.22 microFarad X and 3-4700 picoFarad X (both 250V) I would suggest replacing the 4700 picoFarad X Caps with Y2 for safety reasons ||

|-
| '''Boschert XL60.3601R'''
|-
| [[File:Boschert2.jpg|thumb]] || [[File:Boschert2 rifa.jpg|thumb]] || [[File:Boschert2 label.jpg]] 
[[File:Boschert XL60 3601 label.jpg]]
|-
| [[File:Boschert 50 & 60 chart.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Boschert XLFamily chart back.jpg|thumb]]
|}
 
 
From the Tech Manual for switching to 220V:
Identified by the word "Boschert" on the component side of the board at lower right and above the fuse and capacitor C2.
Locate a six-inch wire that is soldered to point JP1. If the board is configured for 110V, the other end of the wire is attached to point E1 (labelled 110V).
Unplug the wire from point E1 and plug it into E2 (labelled 220V). Point E2 is to the left of point E1. The power supply is now configured for 220V use. 
 

==Astec==
=== Astec AA 12350 ===
{|
|-
|
[[File:Astec 12350 full board.jpg|thumb]]
||
[[File:Astec 12350 RIFA.jpg|thumb]]
||
[[File:Astec 12350 label.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|
[[File:Astec 12350 old rifa.jpg|thumb]]
||
C13 - 0.01microF (Lead Spacing 1.45/1.21) C-G 
C1 - 0.01microF (Lead Spacing 1.45/1.78/2.08) N-L 
C2 - 0.1microF (Lead Spacing 1.45/1.78/2.08) PT N-L
|| #57145
|}
Appears to be related to the Astec AA12090 for an TRS-80

=== Astec AA 12450 ===
{|
|-
| [[File:Astec1.jpg|thumb]] || [[File:Astec1 rifas.jpg|thumb]] || [[File:PSU Tag 79763.jpg|400px]]
|-
| [[File:Astec1 Rifas.jpg|150px|thumb]] ||
C2 - 0.1microF (Lead Spacing 1.45/1.78/2.08) PT N-L 
C1 - 0.01microF (Lead Spacing 1.45/1.78/2.08) N-L 
C13 - 0.01microF (Lead Spacing 1.45/1.21) C-G
|-
| [[File:Astec2.jpg|thumb]] || [[File:Astec2 rifa.jpg|thumb]] || [[File:Astec2 Label.jpg]] || Note the change in position for the one cap of the 4 on the right side.
|}
 
 
From the Tech Manual for switching to 220V:

==Kaypro 16 Power Supply==
The Kaypro Power Supply is slightly different from the CPM Kaypros.

[[File:K16 PSU California DC.jpg|400px]]

The California DC boards are labeled correctly with the power supplied.
[[File:K16 PSU California DC connector.jpg|400px]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| J1 (AC IN) || 1 || Hot
|-
| || 2 || Neutral
|-
| || 3 || Ground
|-
| Space || ||
|-
| J2 (DC OUT) || 1 || +12
|-
| || 2 || Keyed
|-
| || 3 || -12
|-
| || 4 || +12
|-
| || 5 || +12
|-
| || 6 || COM
|-
| || 7 || COM
|-
| || 8 || COM
|-
| || 9 || COM
|-
| || 10 || +5
|-
| || 11 || +5
|-
| || 12 || +5
|-
| || 13 || +5
|}

Monitor boards

2026-10-30T01:27:44Z

FrankRahman: /* AD */

==Did they limit the Monitor boards?==
"They will be purchasing drives from three companies (including Tandon) so that they can compare the product from three makers over a large sample before settling on one or two manufacturers. ''(That's the way they selected their monitor and power supply.)''" 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

==AD==
[[File:Display ad Profiles May 1988.png|400px]] (Profiles, May 1988)

==Terms used==
These are from a January 1988 edition of Profiles Magazine.
* Focus refers to the crispness of the entire image on screen--how clear the characters are and how sharp the center of the image is compared to the edges
* Brightness refers to how intensely the image on the CRT glows.
* Horizontal and Vertical Hold Adjustments -- Adjusting the horizontal hold scrolls the entire image from left to right, or vice versa. Vertical hold scrolls the picture up and down.
* Horizontal Width is the measure of the screen image, which should be seven inches.
* Vertical Size refers to the vertical measure, or height of the image. This is normally 4.8 inches.
*Vertical Linearity refers to the height of all characters. relative to each other. When vertical linearity is out of adjustment, for example, the characters at the to and bottom of the screen may appear larger than those in the center.

== Elston ==

===Elston Green Board===
Found in #79763 Triangluar Board #288536
{|
|-
|
[[File:Elston CRT label.jpg]]
||
[[File:Elsoten CRT Toshiba label.jpg]] Toshiba CRT attached to Elston
|-
|

||
[[File:Elston CRT from Clinton.jpg]] Clinton CRT attached to Elston
|-
| [[File:Elston Left View 288536.jpg| 400px]] || [[File:Elston Right View 288536.jpg| 400px]]
|-
|
[[File:Elston early.jpg| 400px]] 
Note the Triangular board in early models.
|| [[File:Elston adjustments.jpg| 360px]]
|}

=== Elston White Board ===
As far as I can tell the white board is the same as the previous board.

Found in #292222

{|
|-
|
[[File:Elston White Board.jpg]]
||
[[File:Elston White bottom.jpg]]
|-
|
[[File:Elston White label.jpg]]
|| Example
|}

== Dotronix ==
{|
|-
| Dotronix Board || Found in 
|-
| || ||
[[File:Dotronix Adjustments.jpg]]
|}

== Toshiba ==
{|
|-
| Toshiba Board || Found in 
|-
|
[[File:Toshiba Video Board top.jpg]]
||
[[File:Toshiba Video Board Bottom.jpg]] This version of the Toshiba Board is not shown in the Technical Manual (I only have versions C-F to reference.)
|-
|
[[File:Toshiba Video Board Ver 2 top.jpg]]
||
[[File:Toshiba Video Board Ver 2 bottom.jpg]] The second version of the board is wider, the components layout is different, and the adjustments are slightly different. This version's adjustments match the technical manual.
|-
|
[[File:Toshiba Adjustments.jpg]]
|}

== Micrex ==
This Micrex CRT and it's matching board are installed in #261822. The dates on the CRT are Dec 5&6 of 1984.

{|
|-
| [[File:Micrex CRT.jpg]] Micrex
||
[[File:Micrex CRT Matsushita label.jpg]]
|-
|
[[File:Micrex Vid Board.jpg|400px]]
||
[[File:Micrex Diagram.jpg]]
|}

== B&H? ==
This is an undocumented board from an early chassis machine (Early chassis, late serial number)

{|
|-
|
[[File:B&H board top.jpg]]
||
[[File:B&H board bottom.jpg]]
|}

==Clipped Corner Board?==
A board given to me by CS. No CRT with it and no noticable label. It does not match any boards in the Tech Manual.

{|
|-
|
[[File:Video Board clipped corner top.jpg]]
||
[[File:Video Board clipped corner bottom.jpg]]
|}

CPM Kaypros

2026-10-30T01:03:42Z

FrankRahman: /* Hardware */

[[Kaypro Computer History Phil Clayton|Kaypro Computer History by Phil Clayton]]

==CPM Models==

[[Kaypro Origin Stories]]

[[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)]]

[[Kaycomp Machines]]

[[Kaypro II No Model Number]]

[[Kaypro II or 2 (81-003)]]

[[Kaypro 4 (81-004 & 81-006)]]

[[Kaypro 10| Kaypro 10 (81-005)]]

[[Kaypro 2 '84 (81-014)]]

[[Kaypro 4 '84 (81-015)]]

[[Kaypro 2X (81-014, 81-025, 81-033)]]

[[Kaypro New 2|Kaypro New 2 (81-031)]]

[[Robie (81-012 & 81-013)]]

[[Kaypro 4X|Kaypro 4X (81-015 Stickered 4X)]]

[[Kaypro 1 (81-021)]]

[[Business Paks|*Kaypro Business Paks]]

==Theory of Operations==
The [[Theory of Operations]] from Micro Cornucopia

==Hardware==
[[Hardware]]

"As of the first of October [1983], Kaypro has been soldering in all the small ICs." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

==Modified Kaypro/Kaypros used as part of a system==

[[Omni Logic Analyzer]]

[[K20]]

[[Kaypro 22 or 34]]

[[DK Synergy]]

==CPM Compatibility Problems==

[[CPM 2.2 ul compatibility]]

==References to Problems with Possible Fixes==
'''Drive Issues''' 
"(Editor's note: Kaypro got a huge batch of flaky SMC data separators, and for several months, many systems were dying before they could get off the dealers' shelves. I assume that Ralph's system got one of the flaky chips. His next problem will probably be with the Tandon drives, but replacement with good quality half-wide Japanese drives is easy and quite inexpensive.)" 
(Micro Cornucopia, Apr-May 1985)

<blockquote>
'''Garbage Characters''' 
Michael Stocker called recently to say that he had finally rid his screen of occasional garbage characters (even when using the Pro-884 Max in fast video mode). He simply replaced the 6116 static RAM chips in the video section with faster (150ns) parts.

He said he had gotten his new 6116s from Microprocessors Unlimited for $1.00 each (the video section holds two). The chips are located at U15 and U23 on the 84 Kaypro 1, 2, and 4. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1986)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
'''Kaypro Clock''' 
I recently had to have my Kaypro 4-84 operated on. Turns out the power supply was sending occasional power spikes. With that replaced, all is fine again. I recommend Xerox Service (at least the Rochester, New York, branch still knows CP/M machines - they were discharging an Osborne when the Kaypro and I arrived).

The only problem was after servicing the machine when I used QP/M and got the message "Bad Clock?" It
seemed to keep time okay after I reset it. I played with it for a day, but the message came up with each QP/M cold boot.

I don't know what made me think of it but I tried a program supplied with the machine - the graphic clock display in MBASIC. I have always thought it was pretty, but slow and not very useful. Haven't used it in over a year.

When I ran the Kaypro clock program, it asked if I wanted to set the clock. I said no because the clock was displaying the correct time with other programs. Then it said, "Clock not initialized ... , Enter new value:" and I said YES. It paused a moment and then asked for the time to set the clock. When I next cold booted with QP/M, all was fine.

I suggest that after any internal hardware work on a Kaypro with a clock, the Kaypro clock program should be run. That may solve other people's clock problems. My other suggestion is to buy QP/M. After getting QP/M the clock keeps good time - before, it lost a few minutes a week. 
(Micro Cornucopia, May-June 1989)
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
'''Drive error - bad sectors''' 
I use an old Kaypro 11-83 as a Z80 and Z8601 development system. I installed double-sided drives and the Pro 8 monitor ROM in 1984; the monitor version was 2.2.

After a longer than average programming effort, the B drive started generating bad-sector errors. Formatting and disk exercising programs confirmed that all tracks beyond number 40 had bad sectors. After opening the case, my eagle-eyed son noted that the B drive was double-stepping when it should
have been single-stepping. A call to Micro C got a new monitor ROM on the way and some suggested tests to perform.

At this point, the Kaypro II was apparently fully operational, but it could not read the last 40 tracks on drive B. Normally, on warm boot, both drives were read by the monitor ROM and set to the appropriate drive configuration. Drive B should have been set for DSDD disks on a DSDD drive. However, the ROM assumed it had DSDD disks in a quad drive. This was the reason that it double-stepped when formatting. When the machine was forced to look at drive B by asking for its directory, it then recognized the drive as DSDD and the system worked fine.

The initial cause for the problem was thought to be the monitor ROM and it was replaced with a newer version (3.3). However, then the system would not boot at all. The old ROM was reinstalled and a new cause was sought.

U49, an 8-bit buffer (74LS241) that fed low order addressing to the monitor ROM, was checkpd; found to be good, and replaced anyway. The problem was solved.

Evidently, the LS241 had weakened over time and the monitor ROM was getting the wrong addressing information. The LS241 still appeared to be working, but not well enough to properly address the ROM. The monitor simply bypassed part of its own code and went merrily on its way.

So, if this problem ever comes up again, or if your system ever has problems booting, check U49 carefully. Try swapping it with U62 (another LS241). At $1 each (or less), you might want to
replace both. 
(Micro Cornucopia, July-Aug 1989)
</blockquote>

==End of CP/M machines==

<blockquote>
Kaypro announced its decision to discontine manufacturing and marketing the CP/M line in November 1987 in order to "focus its sales and marketing efforts on a smaller group of mainstream technology computers."

The announcment also stated, "The company will continue to provide technical support and will maintain available spare parts to support out-of-warranty needs of [CP/M] end users."

Although there frankly are not a whole lot of Kaypro dealers who still service CP/M Kaypros, the ones who do are quite commited to the CP/M user. 
(Profiles, July 1988)
</blockquote>

Kaypro II No Model Number

2026-10-30T00:54:22Z

FrankRahman: /* Vertical to Horizontal Drives */

First Units: June 1982 (Annual Report 1983)

{|
|-
|
[[File:Early kaypro II left side.jpg|600px]] 
This early marketing photo has black numerical keys.

|-
|
[[File:KII Brochure Out.jpg|400px]]
|-
|
[[File:KII Brochure In.jpg|200px]]
|-
|
[[File:KII NO MODEL NUM.jpg]] 
Notice that this machine has a white bordered power switch. Before serial #20,000 there were many different switches used. See [[Early power switches]] for detailed information.
|}

{| class="wikitable"
| Processor: || Z80, 2.5 MHz
|-
| Memory: || 64K
|-
| Disk Storage: || Two Double Density Single Sided Tandem floppy drives (195K)
|-
| Ports: || Modem/RS232C Interface, Centronics parallel printer interface
|-
| Keyboard: || Detachable full typewriter keyboard with 14 key numeric pad and 4 cursor control keys. Upper and lower case.
|}

These were the first machines produced by Kaypro. They include the "Kaycomp" Machines.

==News==
"Before production got under way June 15 ...
The first units were shipped under the name of Kaycomp II, but the product has been renamed Kaypro II because of the protests of a Pasadena software manufacturer with the name of K-Comp." (San Diego Evening Times, September 17, 1982)

{|
|-
|
[[File:Assembly 81-110A.jpg|400px]] 
This image ran in one of the local papers for the week of June 2-8, 1982 showing the assembly of likely 81-110(no letter) "[[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)|Lucy]]" mainboards. (The Citizen Week, A12)
||
[[File:81-110 assembly closeup.jpg]] 
A closeup of one of the boards with a box drawn around the area with what looks like 2 16 pin chips areas silkscreened as the Lucy board is laid out.

|}

==Machine Changes==

===Vertical to Horizontal Drives===
{|
|-
|
[[File:KII Front Vert Drives.jpg|400px]]
|| The original Vertical Drive arrangement. Also the contrast knob is on the front.
|-
|
[[File:KII Front Hor Drives.jpg|400px]]
|| Early on they changed to a Horizontal Drive arrangment with the contrast knob on the rear.
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Vertical Drives !! Horizontal Drives
|-
| #4623 ||
|-
| #5322 ||
|-
| || #5484
|-
| #5846 ||
|-
| || #6059
|-
| || #6072
|}
|}

"Kaypro is now sorry that they went from the vertical drives to the horizontal stack because the change caused many heat problems." 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

===Power cord connectors===

{|
|-
|
[[File:KII cord Direct.jpg|400px]]
|| The original machines had the power cord coming directly out of the back of the machine near the power switch.
|-
|
[[File:KII cord adapter plate.jpg|400px]]
|| The cord was moved to a plate on the lower edge of the back.
|-
|
[[File:KII cord plug.jpg|400px]]
|| The plate was replaced with a EM noise supressing plug. Requiring a removable cord to be used for all later Kaypro machines.
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Direct !! Plate
|-
| #4223 ||
|-
| #4623 ||
|-
| #5322 ||
|-
| || #5484
|-
| #5846 ||
|-
| || #6059
|-
| || #6072
|-
| || #6084
|-
| || #7954
|}

|-
|

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Plate !! Plug
|-
| #24500 ||
|-
| #24746 ||
|-
| || #25977
|-
| || #26191
|-
| || #27007
|}

|}

===Labels===
These units have 2 labels.

{|
|-
|
[[File:KII NLS no Kaypro label.jpg|400px]]
|| This version only has Non-linear Systems listed as the brand.
|-
|
[[File:KII NLS w- kaypro label.jpg|400px]]
|| The later version as the addition of KAYPRO to the label and "Made in the U.S.A." under the serial number box.
|-
| There is a lot of back and forth between the two labels as you go through the serial numbers.
|}

===Handle Mount Color===
There are a few black handle mounts amoung the earliest machines.

{|
|-
|
[[File:KII Handle Mount Chrome.jpg|400px]]
|| An example of the standard chrome plated handle mount.
|-
|
[[File:KII Handle Mount Black.jpg|400px]]
|| The black mount is found on: #3249, #3590, and #3892 and [[Lucy (81-110 Motherboard)|Lucy's Machine]]
|}

Main Serial Number Range: #3309 - 56111
2 Additional Machines: #61029, #76302

This model used the [[Mainboard 81-110]].

Vertical and Horizontal Drives (See [[Early Vertical Drives]])

Various Power Switches (See [[Early power switches]])

Employee Directory

2026-10-29T22:02:41Z

FrankRahman: /* O */

==B==
'''Ernesto Bautista''' 
"Ernesto Bautista takes care of the network hardware."
(Profiles, November 1987)

'''Norm Bornstein''' 
"Norm Bornstein is the MIS department supervisor, and he's also a programmer."
(Profiles, November 1987)

==C==
'''Patricia Crabtree''' 
"Tricia Crabtree, manager of both hardware and software support" (Profiles, June 1987) 
"Patricia Crabtree, Kaypro's operations manager." (Profiles, November 1987)

'''Gwenn Carver''' 
"Gwenn Carver, the KUG assistant, splits her time between KUG business and the Kaypro General store. She helps by screening articles for ONKUG and performing administrative tasks while Fred is on the road." 
(Profiles, January 1988)

'''John Coulter''' 
"John Coulter is one person I've had a chance to get know and John has recently been hired to straighten out quality control. Hooray!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1985)

==D==
'''Linda DeBakcsy''' 
"Mike Packard and Linda DeBakcsy are maintance programmers for MIS."
(Profiles, November 1987)

==F==
'''Dennis Fay''' 
"Dennis Fay of Kaypro's legal department ..." 
(Profiles, December 1986)

==M==
'''Gary McAvoy''' 
[[File:Gary McAvoy.png|200px]]
<blockquote>
Gary McAvoy recently joined Kaypro Corporation as the Director of Corporate
Communications. He has previously worked as a management, a marketing, and a communications consultant for a number of firms in California and the Southwest, developing business plans and improving overall organization and efficiency. Prior to becoming a consultant, McAvoy was western regional marketing administrator for GTE Information Systems, based in Stamford, Connecticut.

McAvoy is enthusiastic about joining the Kaypro team. "I look toward enhancing Kaypro's image internationally while extending its growing marketing influence," said McAvoy. 
</blockquote>

'''Bill McDonald''' 
"Bill McDonald is Kaypro's drive specialist ..." 
(Micro Cornucopia, April 1987)

==O==
'''Gilbert Ohnysty''' 
S-BASIC was written by Gilbert Ohnysty under the name Topaz. ... I understand that Gilbert is
now an employee [of Kaypro]. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

==P==
'''Mike Pachard''' 
"Mike Packard and Linda DeBakcsy are maintance programmers for MIS." 
(Profiles, November 1987)

==R==
'''Bill Ruderman''' 
"Bill Ruderman of the Kaypro Engineering staff" 
(Profiles, June 1987)

==Z==
'''Fred Zuill''' 
[[File:Fred Zull.jpg|200px]] 
"Fred Zuill is the KUG manager and the sysop for Kaypro Online. Fred travels around the country visiting the different KUGs and coordinating communications among them." 
(Profiles, January 1988)

Employee Directory

2026-10-29T22:01:46Z

FrankRahman: /* P */

==B==
'''Ernesto Bautista''' 
"Ernesto Bautista takes care of the network hardware."
(Profiles, November 1987)

'''Norm Bornstein''' 
"Norm Bornstein is the MIS department supervisor, and he's also a programmer."
(Profiles, November 1987)

==C==
'''Patricia Crabtree''' 
"Tricia Crabtree, manager of both hardware and software support" (Profiles, June 1987) 
"Patricia Crabtree, Kaypro's operations manager." (Profiles, November 1987)

'''Gwenn Carver''' 
"Gwenn Carver, the KUG assistant, splits her time between KUG business and the Kaypro General store. She helps by screening articles for ONKUG and performing administrative tasks while Fred is on the road." 
(Profiles, January 1988)

'''John Coulter''' 
"John Coulter is one person I've had a chance to get know and John has recently been hired to straighten out quality control. Hooray!" 
(Micro Cornucopia, Feb-Mar 1985)

==D==
'''Linda DeBakcsy''' 
"Mike Packard and Linda DeBakcsy are maintance programmers for MIS."
(Profiles, November 1987)

==F==
'''Dennis Fay''' 
"Dennis Fay of Kaypro's legal department ..." 
(Profiles, December 1986)

==M==
'''Gary McAvoy''' 
[[File:Gary McAvoy.png|200px]]
<blockquote>
Gary McAvoy recently joined Kaypro Corporation as the Director of Corporate
Communications. He has previously worked as a management, a marketing, and a communications consultant for a number of firms in California and the Southwest, developing business plans and improving overall organization and efficiency. Prior to becoming a consultant, McAvoy was western regional marketing administrator for GTE Information Systems, based in Stamford, Connecticut.

McAvoy is enthusiastic about joining the Kaypro team. "I look toward enhancing Kaypro's image internationally while extending its growing marketing influence," said McAvoy. 
</blockquote>

'''Bill McDonald''' 
"Bill McDonald is Kaypro's drive specialist ..." 
(Micro Cornucopia, April 1987)

==O==
'''Gilbert Ohnysty''' 
S-BASIC was written by Gilbert Ohnysty under the name Topaz. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)

==P==
'''Mike Pachard''' 
"Mike Packard and Linda DeBakcsy are maintance programmers for MIS." 
(Profiles, November 1987)

==R==
'''Bill Ruderman''' 
"Bill Ruderman of the Kaypro Engineering staff" 
(Profiles, June 1987)

==Z==
'''Fred Zuill''' 
[[File:Fred Zull.jpg|200px]] 
"Fred Zuill is the KUG manager and the sysop for Kaypro Online. Fred travels around the country visiting the different KUGs and coordinating communications among them." 
(Profiles, January 1988)

Main Page

2026-10-29T21:59:43Z

FrankRahman: /* Software */

Welcome to Kaypro Journal 
 
This is the home for my notes and findings about Vintage Kaypro machines. My focus began with Z80 Kaypros but it has expanded to include "DOS" based Kaypros and Non-Linear Systems units as well. 
In my collection (as of March 2024) I have over 100 Kaypro/NLS Machines. 

==Company==
[[533 Stevens| Kaypro Campus]]

[[Kaycomp Trademark|Kaycomp Trademark Info]]

[[Kaypro Production Numbers]]

[[Machine Tags]]

[[Osbourne|The Competition "Osbourne"]]

[[Kaypro Stock]]

[[Hiring Stories]]

Production - [[Printed Circuit Board Production]]

[[Warehousing]]

[[Excess parts]]

[[Kaypro Support]]

[[Kaypro Leadership]]

[[Marketing]]

[[Tradeshows]]

[[Kaypro Decline]]

[[US Kaypro Districts]]

[[European office]]

[[Kaypro Factory Store]]

==Histories==
[[Kaypro: Thirty Years of Innovative Experience]]

==Hardware==
[[Hardware]]

==Software==

[[Included Software]]

[[Kaypro Diskettes]]

[[Type-It]] (Kaypro's own software to aid int he transition from Typewriters to Word Processing)

[[Uniform]]

[[Media Master]]

[[Rembrandt]]

[[Infocom]]

[https://scs-draw.com/index.html SCS-Draw]

[[S-BASIC]]

==Instructional Material==

[[Kaypro Manuals]]

[[Kaypro Quick Start Audio]]

[[Wordstar video]]

==Dealers/Sales Vendors==

[[Dealer Advertising]]

[[Dealer Support]]

[[Vendor Signs]]

[[Sales Management]]

[[Vendor Info|Vendor Info including News]]

[[Kelly Data]]

==Organizational Info==

[[Price lists|Kaypro price lists]]

[[Stolen kaypros|Kaypros report Lost or Stolen to Kaypro Corp]]

[[Kaypro Serial Number Sales Dates| Date of Sale with Serial Numbers]]

[[Kaypro Missing Parts]]

[[Kay Family]]

==Programing==

[[Graphics Programming]]

A Pascal Clock Routine was presented on page 90 of Micro Cornucopia Apr-May 1986. Link [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro%20Cornucopia/Micro%20Cornucopia%2029%20Apr86.pdf here].

==Books==

[[Books]]

==Magazines and Newsletters==

===Profiles===
[[Profiles]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1983 !! 1984 !! 1985 !! 1986 !! 1987 !! 1988
|-
| [[Media:Profiles Jul 83.pdf|July/Aug]]
||
[[Media:Profiles Jan Feb 1984.pdf|Jan/Feb]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n6.pdf Feb] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n6.pdf Jan] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n7.pdf Feb CPM] 
[[Media:Profiles Feb 1987 PC.pdf| Feb DOS]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n6.pdf Jan]
|-
| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v1n2.pdf Sept/Oct] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v1n5.pdf Mar/Apr] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n7.pdf Mar] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n7.pdf Feb] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n8.pdf Mar CPM] DOS version also || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n7.pdf Feb]
|-
|
[[Media:Profiles Nov Dec 83.pdf|Nov/Dec]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v1n6.pdf May/June] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n8.pdf Apr] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n8.pdf Mar] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n9.pdf Apr] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n8.pdf Mar]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n1.pdf July/Aug] ||
[[Media:Profiles May 1985.pdf|May]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n9.pdf Apr] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n10.pdf May] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n9.pdf Apr]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n2.pdf Sep] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n10.pdf June] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n10.pdf May] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n11.pdf June] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n10.pdf May]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n3.pdf Oct] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n1.pdf July/Aug] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n11.pdf June] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n12.pdf July] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n11.pdf June]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n4.pdf Nov] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n2.pdf Sep] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n1.pdf July] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n1.pdf Aug] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n12.pdf July]
|-
| || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v2n5.pdf Dec/Jan '85] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n3.pdf Oct] ||
[[Media:Profiles Aug 1986.pdf|Aug]]
|| [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n2.pdf Sep] ||
[[Media:Profiles aug 1988.pdf|Aug]]
|-
| || || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n4.pdf Nov] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n3.pdf Sep] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n3.pdf Oct] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v6n2.pdf Sep]
|-
| || || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v3n5.pdf Dec] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n4.pdf Oct] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n4.pdf Nov] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v6n3.pdf Oct/Nov]
|-
| || || || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n5.pdf Nov] || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v5n5.pdf Dec] ||
|-
| || || || [http://www.retroarchive.org/docs/magazines/profiles/profiles_v4n6.pdf Dec/Jan '87] || ||
|}

====Special Note====
<blockquote>
Recently, we started publishing two different versions of the magazine, with material specifically for CP/M users in one version and material for DOS users in the other, though most material was identical in both. ...

In an effort to be responsive to the needs of as many readers as pobbible, we've made the decision to return to a single version of the magazine covering both operating systems. 
(Profiles, April 1987)
</blockquote>

===MicroCornucopia===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! 1981 !! 1982 !! 1983 !! 1984 !! 1985 !! 1986 !! 1987 !! 1988 !! 1989 !! 1990
|-
| Jan || || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_39_Jan88.pdf Jan 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_45_Jan89.pdf Jan 89] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_51_Jan90.pdf Jan 90]
|-
| Feb || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_04_Feb82.pdf Feb 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_10_Feb83.pdf Feb 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_16_Feb84.pdf Feb 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_22_Feb85.pdf Feb 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_28_Feb86.pdf Feb 86] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_34_Feb87.pdf Feb 87] || || ||
|-
| Mar || || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_40_Mar88.pdf Mar 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_46_Mar89.pdf Mar 89] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_52_Mar90.pdf Mar 90]
|-
| Apr || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_05_Apr82.pdf Apr 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_11_Apr83.pdf Apr 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_17_Apr84.pdf Apr 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_23_Apr85.pdf Apr 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_29_Apr86.pdf Apr 86] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_35_Apr87.pdf Apr 87] || || ||
|-
| May || || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_41_May88.pdf May 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_47_May89.pdf May 89] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_53_May90.pdf May 90]
|-
| Jun || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_06_Jun82.pdf Jun 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_12_Jun83.pdf Jun 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_18_Jun84.pdf Jun 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_24_Jun85.pdf Jun 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_30_Jun86.pdf Jun 86] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_36_Jun87.pdf Jun 87] || || ||
|-
| Jul || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_01_Jul81.pdf Jul 81] || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_42_Jul88.pdf Jul 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_48_Jul89.pdf Jul 89]
|-
| Aug || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_07_Aug82.pdf Aug 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_13_Aug83.pdf Aug 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_19_Aug84.pdf Aug 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_25_Aug85.pdf Aug 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_31_Aug86.pdf Aug 86] || || || ||
|-
| Sep || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_02_Sep81.pdf Sep 81] || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_37_Sep87.pdf Sep 87] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_43_Sep88.pdf Sep 88] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_49_Sep89.pdf Sep 89] ||
|-
| Oct || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_08_Oct82.pdf Oct 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_14_Oct83.pdf Oct 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_20_Oct84.pdf Oct 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_26_Oct85.pdf Oct 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_32_Oct86.pdf Oct 86] || || || ||
|-
| Nov || || || || || || || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_38_Nov87.pdf Nov 87] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_44_Nov88.pdf Nov 88] Last Kaypro Column || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_50_Nov89.pdf Nov 89] ||
|-
| Dec || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_03_Dec81.pdf Dec 81] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_09_Dec82.pdf Dec 82] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_15_Dec83.pdf Dec 83] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_21_Dec84.pdf Dec 84] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_27_Dec85.pdf Dec 85] || [https://bitsavers.org/magazines/Micro_Cornucopia/Micro_Cornucopia_33_Dec87.pdf Dec 86] || || || ||
|}

I was in Bend, Oregon in 2026 and stopped by the place listed as the business address of MicroCornucopia in it's business listing with the state. 
[[File:MicroC business location.jpg]] 
155 NW Hawthorne, Bend, Oregon 97701

[[File:Micro C building 1989.png]] 
A photo of the building in 1989 printed in Micro Cornucopia.

<blockquote>
Micro Cornucopia, Inc. is a Domestic Business Corporation organized under the laws of the State of Oregon. The business was filed on November 2, 1984 and is currently listed as Ina: Inactive with the Oregon Office of the Secretary of State. The official file number for this entity is 204655-14.

The principal office address is located at 155 Nw Hawthorne Bend, OR 97701.

The Registered Agent on file is C.E. Francis, located at 1199 Nw Wall St Bend, OR 97701.

The company's leadership includes David J Thompson, who serves as President and is associated with an address at 1259 Nw Iowa Bend, OR 97701 and Sandra S Thompson, who serves as Secretary and is associated with an address at 1259 Nw Iowa Bend, OR 97701. 
([https://www.bizapedia.com/or/micro-cornucopia-inc.html Bizapedia listing] 2026) 
Note that the home address for David and Sandra has sold at least once since then so it is no longer valid.
</blockquote>

===Kugram and ONKUG===
Kugram was the Kaypro User's Group Newsletter. It was issued every other month. There are 5 volumes with 6 releases in each (about a year per volume) except for Volume 5 which has 1 regular release. The second release is just a cover over the newly merged with Scroll newsletter (the newsletter of the W/Pug, Word Processing user group). The third is the "Special KUG Bulletin #1". The fourth and last one I can find is the "Special KUG Bulletin #2".

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1982 !! 1983 !! 1984 !! 1985 !! 1986 !! 1987
|-
| ||
[[Media:Kugram Feb 1983.pdf|Feb]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N1 Jan/Feb] ||
[[Media:Kugram Jan Feb 1985.pdf|Jan/Feb]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N1 Jan/Feb] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV5N1 Jan/Feb]
|-
| ||
[[Media:Kugram Apr May 1983.pdf|Apr/May]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N2 Mar/Apr] ||
[[Media:Kugram Mar Apr 1985.pdf|
Mar/Apr]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N2 Mar/Apr] ||
[[Media:Scroll trans.pdf|KUG to Scroll]]
|-
| ||
[[Media:Kugram Jun Jul 1983.pdf|Jun/Jul]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N3 May/Jun] ||
[[Media:Kugram May Jun 1985.pdf|May/Jun]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N3 May/Jun] ||
[[Media:KUG Special 1.pdf|KUG Special 1]]
|-
| ||
[[Media:Kugram aug sep 1983.pdf|Aug/Sep]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N4 Jul/Aug] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV3N4 Jul/Aug] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N4 Jul/Aug] ||
[[Media:KUG Special 2.pdf|KUG Special 2]]
|-
| || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV1N6 Oct/Nov/Dec] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N5 Sep/Oct]||
[[Media:Kugram Sep Oct 1985.pdf|Sep/Oct]]
|| [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N5 Sep/Oct] ||
|-
|
[[Media:Kugram Dec 1982.pdf|Dec]]
|| || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV2N6 Nov/Dec] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV3N6 Nov/Dec] || [https://archive.org/details/KugramV4N6 Nov/Dec] ||
|}

"KUG's receive periodic mailings and ONKUG, The Official Newsdiskette of Kaypro Users Groups. ONKUG, compiled by KUG Manager Jim Durkin, is full of handy public domain software and interesting text files-a great way to get programs without the expense and hassle of downloading." 
(Profiles, September 1986)
{|
|-
| [[File:Onkug diskette.jpg]]
|}

==Other Sites==

[https://retrocmp.de/kaypro/index.htm RetroCMP by Thomas Brase]

[https://archive.org/details/VCF1-StephenStoneTheLifeAndTimesOfKayproComputers/VCF1+%E2%80%94+Stephen+Stone+-+The+Life+and+Times+of+Kaypro+Computers.wav *]

S-BASIC

2026-10-29T21:59:15Z

FrankRahman: Created page with "<blockquote> Well, one of the BASICs that came with my Kaypro is called S-BASIC and it's really exciting. You can write readable structured source code in this BASIC and then compile the source into a real .COM file. Jerry Pournelle of Byte lumped S-BASIC in with CBASIC when he reviewed the Kaypro. That tells me that he didn't check out S-BASIC any better than I had. (Kaypro is now shipping S-BASIC, CBASIC and MBASIC.) My excitement is not without two reservations. Firs..."

<blockquote>
Well, one of the BASICs that came with my Kaypro is called S-BASIC and it's really exciting. You can write readable structured source code in this BASIC and then compile the source into a real .COM file. Jerry Pournelle of Byte lumped S-BASIC in with CBASIC when he reviewed the Kaypro. That tells me
that he didn't check out S-BASIC any better than I had. (Kaypro is now shipping S-BASIC, CBASIC and MBASIC.)

My excitement is not without two reservations. First, S-BASIC is not well documented, so you will spend a lot of time writing and running little programs to test the syntax and structure of some of the more obscure (but necessary) features. Second, S-BASIC has some definite bugs (sequential file access problems, for instance).

S-BASIC was written by Gilbert Ohnysty under the name Topaz. Kaypro bought S-BASIC lock, stock, and name-and I understand that Gilbert is now an employee. Little wonder that Kaypro 4s and lOs include it. (You can purchase S-BASIC for only $75 directly from Kaypro.)

An informal poll has led me to conclude that less than 5 percent of Kaypro owners have tried S-BASIC. Part of the problem might be that it is a compiler. But the main problem, I'm sure, is the documentation. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Oct 1983)
</blockquote>

FCC regulations

2026-10-29T21:41:14Z

FrankRahman:

<blockquote>
The metal cabinet on the Kaypro II reduces the radiated electrical energy to a low level. The radiated interference on the weak, low-frequency television stations (channels 2 and 5) in my area was negligible.

The unit I tested did, however, have some conductive radiation through the power lines. My wireless intercom became noisy when the unit was turned on and really set up a racket when i used the disk drives. A filter in the line cord cured most of the problem. I checked with Nonlinear Systems, which confirmed that my evaluation unit did not have an internal line-filter installed. The company was aware that such a filter was needed and planned to install one on future production machines.

(Infoworld, October 18, 1982)
</blockquote>

==Early Machine Issues (Not FCC compliant)==
<blockquote>
Some rural readers have noted that they can't run their Kaypros and their TVs at the same time. So, in recognition of marital bliss week-and to avoid putting old Kaypros out to pasture prematurely-I have a few suggestions.

The oldest (and noisiest) Kaypros have an AC cord that is permanently connected the back panel (not a plug and socket). These units don't have an AC line filter (the AC wires go directly to the on/off switch).

If you have one of these units, the first thing you need to do is purchase an AC line filter. You can get one that mounts on the inside of the cabinet, then you connect very short leads from the power cord to the filter. Or, even better, you can purchase a new cord and filter combination (the filter has a power socket built in).

Now, check the inside edge of your cabinet lid. There should be rectangles of shiny bare aluminum which match up with shiny bare rectangles on the main cabinet (they line up with the screw holes). These rectangles provide electrical contact between the cover and the main cabinet. If you don't have the rectangles, get a good file and make some shiny spots around the screw holes.

These two modifications should cure most of the problem. (You remembered to replace the lid, right?) If you are still having problems then you need to check out the radiation from the keyboard and printer cables.

Take an AM/PM pocket radio and place it near the Kaypro. Tune around on both bands noting any strong signals (might be raspy). Any signals generated by the Kaypro will disappear when you turn the power off.

Move the radio around the Kaypro and see where the signals are the loudest. If your cover is doing its job, the cabinet will be quiet and the signals will be loudest around the keyboard, the keyboard cable, and the printer or modem cable.

You can purchase shielded RS232 and parallel interface cables (or just get shielded multiconductor wire and add your own shielded connectors). Or you can keep the serial and parallel cables disconnected during prime time.

The keyboard is another matter. It's hard to do much with the Kaypro when the keyboard is unplugged and I haven't heard of any shielded phone cables that you could use for the keyboard.

However, you can try bypassing the the keyboard interface. Solder a .01 disc ceramic capacitor (25V or higher rating) between ground and pins 1, 2, and 4 on J3. J3 pin 3 is grounded and you can see the ground plane running to it on top of the circuit board. (Look for J3 stenciled on the top of the circuit board, right above where the keyboard plugs in.) The pin diagram and numbers are stenciled right behind the pins themselves.

Gently scrape the green solder mask from the ground plane (large copper area) so you'll have a space to solder the capacitor leads. Keep the capacitor leads very short.

When you get done with all this, you should have the quietest Kaypro on the block. If that isn't quiet enough then to heck with marital bliss. 
(Micro Cornucopia, Dec 1983)
</blockquote>

==A note about Filter Caps==
At this point it is worth talking about RFI or Radio Frequency Interference. The switch mode power supplies used in the Kaypro machines and in most modern computers produces a large amount of interference if it is not suppressed with filtering mechanisms.

All of the power supplies used by Kaypro have basic filtering capacitors (caps) installed from the supplier. Some of these are disk caps and some are film caps. The disk caps are not as good or safe as the film caps. The film caps from this era are usually made by the "RIFA" company. These caps when they are placed across the positive and negative lines can carry 120 or 240 volts through them. They were designed to last about 20 years. The thought was that in 20 years no one would want to use the computer anymore. When they age the outer shell tends to crack
allowing the electrolyte inside to go from a liquid to a gas and escape from the capacitor.

This causes the famous "blue smoke" of the machine to be released when the RIFA cap blows itself apart. While removal of the broken cap will allow the machine to run again it can be problematic and reduce the signals/bandwidth of TV, Radio, wireless devices, and Wifi.

They can be replaced with brand new RIFA caps or hard outer plastic filter caps of the type removed (X2 or Y2) except as noted on my [[Power Supplies]] webpage. Both should be replaced in another 20 years.

Mr Carlson's Lab did a very good video showing an example of needing filter capacitors on switch mode power supplies like the ones used in the Kaypro machines. You can find it [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRi6_-iikvg here].

==Case mounted RFI filters==
The metal case of the Kaypro works great at keeping the RFI signals from coming out but there is one key weak point. The power cord coming out acts like an antenna. To combat this an RFI plug is used. It has additional filter caps built in which minimizes both incoming and outgoing RFI. The first two versions of the Kaypro II did not have a filter plug.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|
[[File:Direct powercord.jpg]]
|| The cord comes directly through the case. No plug filter.
|-
|
[[File:Knockout no case filter.jpg]]
|| The cord comes through a plate in an opening designed for a filter plug but there is no filter plug.
|-
|
[[File:Filtered plug.jpg]]
|| Finally we have a filter plug.
|}

If you still have interference with other devices after replacing the Filter Caps on the power supply the filter plug is the next item to replace.

==FCC Compliance==
In America the FCC requires compliance of equipment used in some Commercial and all Residential areas. FCC compliance certification is the responsibility of the manufacturer. The FCC makes the manufacture perform the tests and submits the results to the FCC.

The initial Kaypro II did not have FCC compliance. In the September NewsGram to dealers Kaypro states, "Pursuant to FCC rules each computer must carry the enclosed sticker. Please attach them to any computer shipped to you before September."

I believe the sticker that they are referring to is this one.
{|
|-
|
[[File:No fcc label.jpg]]
|}
I would suspect that in September they began putting them on in the factory.

The FCC ID registry shows that R Johnson is the contact at Kaypro for all of the FCC IDs. It is likely that this is Roland Johnson.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ FCC IDs Issued to Kaypro
|-
! ID !! Product !! Date Issued
|-
| CUL7XL81-003 || [[Kaypro II (81-003)]] || Dec 13, 1983
|-
| CUL7XL81-004 || [[Kaypro 4 (81-004)]] || Jan 4, 1984
|-
| CUL7XL81-015 || K4 (81-015) || June 28, 1984
|-
| CUL7XLKP2 || All K2, K2X, New 2, and [[Kaypro 1]]|| July 18, 1984
|-
| CUL7XLROBIE || [[Robie]] || July 18, 1984
|-
| CUL7XLKP4 || K4? || Aug 1, 1984
|-
| CUL7XLK286 || 286? || July 2, 1985
|-
| CUL7XLK10 || [[Kaypro 10]] || July 7, 1985
|-
| CUL7XLK16 || [[Kaypro 16]] || Jan 13, 1986
|-
| CUL7XLKMD || ? || March 19, 1986
|-
| CUL7XL2562 || ? || June 23, 1986
|-
| CUL7XL3298 || ? || June 23, 1986
|-
| CUL7XL3805 || ? || June 23, 1986
|-
| CUL7XL3918 || ? || June 23, 1986
|-
| CUL7XL4310 || ? || June 23, 1986
|-
| CUL7XL4344 || ? || June 23, 1986
|-
| CUL7XL4690 || ? || June 23, 1986
|-
| CUL7XL4703 || ? || June 23, 1986
|-
| CUL7XLK386 || 386? || Sep 2, 1987
|-
| CUL7XLK2000PLUS || [[Kaypro 2000#Kaypro_2000+|Kaypro_2000+]] || Sep 25, 1987
|-
| CUL7XLEXT5.25 || External 5 1/4 Drive? || Oct 8, 1987
|-
| CUL7XL286 || 286? || Oct 19, 1987
|-
| CUL7XLK286I || 286i? || Dec 18, 1987
|-
| CUL7XLKP1A || [[Kaypro Micro 1]] || Apr 18, 1988
|-
| CUL7XL286-16 || 286 (81-068) || Jul 25, 1988
|-
| CUL7XL286I-16 || 286i 16? || Jul 26, 1988
|-
| CUL7XLKC2 || KC2 || Oct 24, 1989
|-
| CUL7XLKC1 || [[Kaypro KC1]] || Dec 13, 1989
|-
| CUL7XLKPHF || ? || Dec 13, 1989
|}

They would get FCC compliance and the II, 2, 2X, and 4 would bear these stickers.

{|
|-
|
[[File:KII fcc label.jpg]]
||
[[File:K2 fcc label.jpg]]
|-
|
[[File:K4 fcc label.jpg]]
||
|-
|
[[File:286 fcc label.jpg|400px]]
|}
I have not seen an FCC sticker on a Kaypro 10 or 2000.

I have not been able to find on the FCC website the ID CUL7XLPC10. These appear on some [[Kaypro PC| Kaypro PCs]].